❤️ Balan (film) 🐬

"Balan is a 1938 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by S. Nottani. It was the third feature film (after Vigathakumaran and Marthanda Varma) and first sound film in Malayalam. Based on the short story "Vidhiyum Mrs. Nayarum" by A. Sundaram, its screenplay and dialogues are written by Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai. The film is a melodrama and was the first movie in this genre in Malayalam. It is produced by T. R. Sundaram of Modern Theatres, Salem. The film, which stars K. K. Aroor, Master Madanagopal, M. V. Shanku, K. Gopinath, Alleppey Vincent, C. O. N. Nambiar, M. K. Kamalam, K. N. Lakshmi, Baby Malathi, A. B. Pious and Subhadra, is about the struggle of two orphaned children. German cinematographer Bado Gushwalker handled the camera while Varghese and K.D. George did the editing. Its music was composed by K. K. Aroor and Ibrahim. There are overall 23 songs in the film. The film was a milestone in Malayalam film history, not only for being the second talkie, but also for being one of the first commercially successful films. Through the film, Alleppey Vincent became the first "speaking person" of Malayalam cinema, K. K. Aroor the first "speaking hero" and M. K. Kamalam the first "speaking heroine". "Hello Mister" was the first recorded sound, which was in the voice of Alleppey Vincent. The film is lost; only the songs book and a few stills survive to this day. Plot Cast * Master Madanagopal as young Balan * M. V. Shankar as Dr. Govindan Nair * K. Gopinath as Kittu Panicker * Alleppey Vincent as Shanku * C. O. N. Nambiar as Prabhakara Menon * K.N. Laxmikutty as Meenakshi * Baby Malathi as young Sarasa * A. B. Pious * Subhadra * Ammu *M.K.K Nambyar *Sivanandan *Parukkutty *Baby Kausalya * A. P Padmanabha Menon Production There were several attempts to make a talkie in Malayalam, right from the days Vigathakumaran (1928) got released. One among them, A. Sundaram Pillai, had an unpublished story entitled Vidhiyum Mrs. Nayarum (Mrs. Nair and the Fate) with him. He contacted several production houses to adapt this story into a film. Several of his attempts failed, but at last he got a letter from T. R. Sundaram, a Tamil-based producer informing him that he was ready to produce the film. T. R. Sundaram owned the production company Modern Theatres, which he established in 1936. A. Sundaram had already finished casting, which included several theatre artists from Malayalam. K. Kunjunair, credited as K. K. Aroor in the film, of the Kottakkal Nataka Samithi was selected to do the title role. M. K. Kamalam was chosen as the heroine. Director S. Nottani A. Sundaram wanted himself to direct the film, but later agreed to sign S. Nottani as the director. Nottani rejected the screenplay of A. Sundaram and wanted to rewrite it. Eventually, he signed renowned writer Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai, who wrote the screenplay and dialogues, as well as lyrics for the songs. The filming was started on 17 August 1937 from Salem. After completing a length of 2000 feat, T. R. Sundaram dropped the project following differences in opinion with A. Sundaram. T. R. Sundaram had spent 30,000 on the project. A. Sundaram himself financed the project thereafter. Most parts of the film was shot from Powerful Studios. The filming was completed within five months, on December 1937. A. Sundaram could not find a distributor for many months. Later, Shyamala Pictures, Madras bought the rights and the film was released on 19 January 1938. Songs Balan's music was composed by K. K. Aroor, who played the male lead, and Ibrahim. It had 23 songs, most of them recorded by the actors themselves. K. N. Lakshmi, K. K. Aroor, M. K. Kamalam and Master Madanagopan are the credited singers. Playback singing was not possible that time, so the producer had to sign actors those who could excel in singing also. Most of the songs followed popular Hindi and Tamil film tunes of the time. Gramaphone records of the songs were not produced. The most popular song was a solo by M. K. Kamalam "Jaathaka Doshathale", based on Chenjurutti raga. It was a direct copy of "Theyila Thottathle" by M. K. Radha from the Tamil film Sathi Leelavathi (1936). Lyrics for the songs are penned by Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai, who also wrote the screenplay and dialogues for the film. See also * Malayalam cinema * Vigathakumaran * Marthanda Varma (film) References External links * http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3 * 1930s Malayalam- language films 1938 films Indian films Melodramas Indian black-and-white films Lost Indian films Films shot in Chennai Indian drama films 1938 drama films 1938 lost films Lost drama films "

❤️ Cardinals created by John XXII 🐬

"Pope John XXII (1316–1334) created 28 new cardinals in six consistories: 18 December 1316 #Bernard de Castanet, bishop of Le Puy – cardinal-bishop of Porto e S. Rufina, † 14 August 1317. #Jacques de Via, nephew of John XXII, bishop Avignon – cardinal-priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, † 13 June 1317. #Gauscelin de Jean, relative of John XXII – cardinal-priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro, then cardinal-bishop of Albano (18 December 1327), † 3 August 1348. #Bertrand du Pouget – cardinal-priest of S. Marcello, then cardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri (18 December 1327), † 3 February 1352. #Pierre d'Arrabloy – cardinal-priest of S. Susanna (received the title on 29 March 1317), then cardinal-bishop of Porto e S. Rufina (18 December 1327), † in March 1331. #Bertrand de Montfavez – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro, † 1 December 1342. #Gaillard de la Mothe – cardinal-deacon of S. Lucia in Silice, † 20 December 1356. #Gian Gaetano Orsini – cardinal-deacon of S. Teodoro, † 27 August 1335. 20 June 1317 #Arnaud de Via, nephew of John XXII – cardinal- deacon of S. Eustachio, † 24 November 1335. 20 December 1320 The new cardinals received their titles probably in February 1321: #Regnaud de la Porte, archbishop of Bourges – cardinal-priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, then cardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri (1 August 1321), † in August 1325. #Bertrand de la Tour, O.F.M., archbishop of Salerno – cardinal-priest of S. Vitale, then cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (1323), † 1333 #Pierre Desprès, archbishop of Aix – cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana, then cardinal-bishop of Palestrina (10 May 1322), † 16 May 1361. #Simon d'Archiac, archbishop-elect of Vienne – cardinal-priest of S. Prisca, † 14 May 1323. #Pilfort de Rabastens, O.S.B., bishop of Rieux – cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia, † 14 July 1324 #Pierre Le Tessier, C.R.S.A. – cardinal-priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, † 22 March 1325. #Raymond Le Roux – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin, † 31 October 1325. 18 December 1327 #Jean-Raymond de Comminges, archbishop of Toulouse – cardinal-priest of S. Vitale, then cardinal-bishop of Porto e S. Rufina (15 March 1331), † 20 November 1348 #Annibaldo di Ceccano, archbishop of Naples – cardinal-priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, then cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (February 1333), † 17 July 1350. #Jacques Fournier, O.Cist., bishop of Mirapoix – cardinal-priest of S. Prisca, then Pope Benedict XII (20 December 1334), † 25 April 1342 #Raymond de Mostuéjouls, O.S.B., bishop of St.-Papoul – cardinal-priest of S. Eusebio, † 12 November 1337. #Pierre de Mortemart, bishop of Auxerre – cardinal-priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, † 14 April 1335. #Pierre des Chappes, bishop of Chartres – cardinal-priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino, † 24 March 1336. #Matteo Orsini di Monte Giordano, O.P., archbishop of Manfredonia – cardinal-priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, then cardinal-bishop of Sabina (18 December 1338), † 18 August 1340. #Pedro Gómez Barroso, bishop of Cartagena – cardinal-priest of S. Prassede, then cardinal-bishop of Sabina (1340), † 14 July 1348. #Imbert Dupuis – cardinal- priest of SS. XII Apostoli, † 26 May 1348. #Giovanni Colonna – cardinal-deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria, † 3 July 1348. 25 May 1331 #Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, Bishop of Auxerre – cardinal-priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli (received the title in June 1331), then cardinal-bishop of Albano (4 November 1348) † 17 January 1364. 20 December 1331 #Pierre Bertrand d'Annonay, bishop of Autun – cardinal-priest of S. Clemente, † 23 June 1348. Sources * Konrad Eubel: Hierarchia Catholica, I, Münster 1913 * Etienne Blauze: Vitae paparum avenionensium, vols. I-II, ed. G. Mollat, 1914 * The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church * Lettres communes John XXII 14th- century Catholicism College of Cardinals Cardinals "

❤️ Ahornsee 🐬

"Ahornsee is a lake of Upper Austria. Lakes of Upper Austria LAhornsee "