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"Tønsberg , historically Tunsberg, is a city and municipality in Vestfold in Vestfold og Telemark county, southern Norway, located around south-southwest of Oslo on the western coast of the Oslofjord near its mouth onto the Skagerrak. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Tønsberg. The city is the most populous metropolis in the district of Vestfold with a population of 52,419 in 2019."Tettsteders befolkning og areal" SSB (in Norwegian) Retrieved 3 June 2020. The municipality has a population of 56,293 and covers an area of in 2020. Tønsberg is generally regarded as the oldest city in Norway, founded by Vikings in the 9th century. Tønsberg was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipality of Sem was merged into the municipality of Tønsberg on 1 January 1988. The neighboring municipality of Re was merged into Tønsberg on 1 January 2020. It is home to Tønsberg Fortress on Castle Mountain, which includes ruins from Castrum Tunsbergis, Norway's largest castle in the 13th century. An outdoor music festival is held at Tønsberg Fortress every July.Børresen, Svein E. (2004). Vestfoldboka: en reise i kultur og natur. Skagerrak forl. Page 55. . Tønsberg is also home of Oseberg Mound, where the 9th-century Oseberg Ship was excavated. General information =Name= The Old Norse form of the name was Túnsberg. The first element is the genitive case of tún (n), meaning fenced area or garden. The last element is berg (n), meaning mountain. The name originally referred to the fortifications on Slottsfjellet. The old spelling has been retained in the name of the diocese, Tunsberg bispedømme. =Coat of arms= The coat of arms is an old city seal from as far back as 1349. The seal shows Tønsberg Fortress surrounded by a ring wall on a mountain with the sea in front. There is also a longship in the water in front of the fortress. Around the seal are the words (in Latin): This is the seal of Tunsberg. History =Viking age= Tønsberg Fortress Tønsberg Cathedral Tønsberg is the oldest city in Norway,Norum, Roger (2011). Frommer’s Norway. Frommer’s. Page 4. .Evensberget, Snorre (2012). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 230. .Ham, Anthony and Stuart Butler (2015). Lonely Planet Norway. Lonely Planet. Page 87. .Nickel, Phyllis and Hans Jakob Valderhaug (2017). Norwegian Cruising Guide—Vol 2: Sweden, West Coast and Norway, Swedish Border to Bergen. Attainable Adventure Cruising Ltd. Page 87. . founded by Harald Fairhair in the 9th century. It was also an ancient capital of Norway.Fodor (1987). Fodor's Scandinavia 1988. Fodor's Travel Publications. Page 283. . The first time the town was mentioned by a contemporary writer was in 1130. According to Snorri Sturluson, Tønsberg was founded before the Battle of Hafrsfjord, which, according to Snorri, took place in 871. What year the battle took place is disputed, however, and most current historians believe the battle took place closer to 900. However, if the battle did in fact take place in 871, this would make Tønsberg one of the oldest present Scandinavian cities. It was based upon this that the city's 1000 years jubilee was celebrated in 1871, and 1100 years jubilee in 1971. The archaeological excavations conducted in 1987–88 underneath the monastery ruins revealed several Viking graves which have served to confirm the earlier age of the original settlement. The king or his ombudsman resided in the old Royal Court at Sæheimr, today the Jarlsberg Manor (Jarlsberg Hovedgård), and on the farm Haugar, (from the Old Norse word haugr meaning hill or burial mound), which can be assumed to have been Tønsberg's birthplace. Haugar became the seat for the Haugating, the Thing for Vestfold and Norway's second most important place for the proclamation of kings. The site had probably been named after two Viking Era mounds, which tradition links to two sons of King Harald I, Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf, who was king in Vestfold og Telemark, and his half-brother, Sigrød Haraldsson, king of Trondheim. Both are presumed to have fallen in battle at Haugar against their half-brother Eric Bloodaxe and to have been buried on the same spot. Slottsfjellet (Castle Mountain), north of the city centre, made for a near impregnable natural fortress. During the civil war era of the 12th century, it was fortified by the Baglers. The Birkebeiners besieged it for 20 weeks in the winter of 1201 before the Baglers surrendered. In the 13th century, King Haakon Haakonson set up a castle in Tønsberg, Tønsberg Fortress. The town was destroyed by fire in 1536, but Tønsberg remained one of the most important harbour towns in Norway. James VI of Scotland stopped in Tønsberg on his way to meet Anne of Denmark in Oslo, and David Lindsay gave a sermon on 16 November 1589. The event was recorded by a painted inscription in the church, which survives in the museum.David Stevenson, Scotland's Last Royal Wedding (Edinburgh, 1997), pl. 5. =Whaling epoch= Whale-catchers in Tønsberg, 1952 Widerøe aerial photography of town, July 1958 The center of the world's modern whaling industry was concentrated in Tønsberg and neighboring Sandefjord.Tønnessen, Johan Nicolay and Arne Odd Johnsen (1982). The History of Modern Whaling. University of California Press. Page 25. . Tønsberg along with neighboring Sandefjord and Larvik were dominant whaling towns in Norway. While whalers from Sandefjord established the first whaling station in the Faroe Islands, whalers from Tønsberg initiated whaling in Iceland and the Hebrides.Tønnessen, Johan Nicolay and Arne Odd Johnsen (1982). The History of Modern Whaling. University of California Press. Page 84. . During the 1850s, Tønsberg turned into a base of operation and source of expertise for whalers in the Arctic- and Antarctic Oceans.Swaney, Deanna (1999). Norway. Lonely Planet. Page 155. . Tønsberg has been called “the cradle of modern whaling.Tønnessen, Johan Nicolay and Arne Odd Johnsen (1982). The History of Modern Whaling. University of California Press. Page 26. . In the 1892 publication “Handbook for Travellers in Norway” by John Murray, Tønsberg is described as “the centre of the Norwegian whaling and sealing industries in the Arctic Ocean.”John Murray (1892). Handbook for Travellers in Norway. John Murray. Page 32. The first whaling ventures to Antarctica was led by engineer Henrik Henriksen of Tønsberg.Elliot, Gerald (1998). A Whaling Enterprise: Salvesen in the Antarctic. Michael Russell. Page 18. . Henrik Johan Bull was another famous whaler from the district, famous for his expeditions to Antarctica. Bull traveled from Australia to Tønsberg in order to learn from local whaler Svend Foyn, who is recognized as the pioneer of the modern whaling industry.Riffenburgh, Beau (2007). Encyclopedia of the Antarctic, Volume 1. Taylor & Francis. Page 677. . One of the city's most prominent residents, Svend Foyn, was a pioneer who embarked on an 1847 expedition to the Arctic, which led to a catch of 6,000 seals. Soon Tønsberg Harbor was home to a large fleet of sealing vessels, and the sealing industry grew further after the 1849 repeal of Britain's Navigation Acts. The hunters turned the seals to near extinction in the Arctic Ocean, and therefore turned to Bottle-nosed whales during the 1870s. Norway maintained a monopoly on European whaling until 1883, first and foremost due to Svend Foyn's patent rights to whaling techniques and inventions. Over-hunting in the Arctic eventually drove the whalers to Antarctica. By the beginning of the 20th century, Tønsberg had lost its preeminence in the whaling industry to the neighboring city of Sandefjord.Tønnessen, Johan Nicolay and Arne Odd Johnsen (1982). The History of Modern Whaling. University of California Press. Page 60. .Ring, Trudy and Noelle Watson (2013). Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. Page 729. . Sandefjord, which lies just south of Tønsberg, later became known as the world's whaling capital.Engel, Lyle Kenyon (1963). Scandinavia: A Simon & Schuster Travel Guide. Cornerstone Library. Page 145.Ryder, Simon and Cameron Duffy (2018). Insight Guides Norway. Insight Guides. Page 163. .Alspaugh, Emmanuelle (2006). Fodor’s Norway. Fodor's Travel Publications. Page 73. . =World War II= During the German occupation of Norway in World War II, the Berg concentration camp was constructed near Tønsberg. In 1948, Tønsberg became the cathedral city of the Diocese of Tunsberg (Tunsberg bispedømme), created when the counties of Buskerud and Vestfold og Telemark were separated from the Diocese of Oslo. Geography Tønsberg Wharf in city centre Tønsberg is a city and municipality in Vestfold County, on the western shore of the Oslofjord. Tønsberg lies north of Færder, south of Horten, and north-east of Sandefjord. It is the ninth-largest city in Norway (by population). The city center lies just north from Nøtterøy Island. Besides Tønsberg proper, the municipality is also home to the villages of Barkåker and Sem. The village of Åsgårdstrand is partly in Tønsberg, although most of the village is in Horten municipality. Tønsberg Station is 5–10 minutes walking from the main square in the city centre, known as Torvet. From the main square is a few hundred meters along Rådhusgaten to the waterfront Tønsberg Wharf ("Tønsberg Brygge"), where most cafes, bars and restaurants are located. Just south of Tønsberg are the islands of Nøtterøy and Tjøme, which are popular tourist destinations.Lee, Phil (2003). The Rough Guide To Norway. Rough Guides. Page 122. . The highest point in Tønsberg is Undrumsåsen at 145 meters (476 ft.). The villages of Vear and Hognes/Bjelland were merged into Tønsberg on January 1, 2017. The neighboring municipality of Re will be merged into Tønsberg on or before January 1, 2020. The Tønsberg Fjord as seen from Tønsberg Fortress. =Nature preserves= Tønsberg is home to five nature preserves: Presterødkilen Nature Preserve. * Akersvannet (wetland), shared with Sandefjord * Bliksekilen (wetland) * Gullkronene (deciduous forest) * Ilene (wetland) * Presterødkilen (wetland) It is also a plant preserve at Karlsvika where the goal is the preservation of the threatened species Fineleaf Waterdropwort (Oenanthe aquatica), a rare species of the Water dropwort in Norway. Demographics Tønsberg proper plus the nearby urban area makes Tønsberg the 9th most populous city in Norway, and the second-most populous city in Vestold County (after Sandefjord). City of Tønsberg is home to 51,061 residents as of 2016, whereas 17,073 residents were living on the Nøtterøy side of the border. Smaller communities in the municipality includes the villages of Barkåker (2016 pop. 1,696) and Sem (2,392). Åsgårdstrand on the Horten border lies in- between Horten- and Tønsberg municipalities. The village of Åsgårdstrand therefore has 176 residents living on the Tønsberg side of the border, despite a large majority of village residents residing in nearby Horten municipality. The city experienced a 20.8% population growth between 2000–15, compared to 14.0% for Vestfold County as a whole. Furthermore, Tønsberg Municipality has the highest urbanization rate in Vestfold. While 94.6 percent of residents in Tønsberg Municipality are residing in cities, the equivalent number for Vestfold County is 84.8 percent. As of 2018, the largest minority groups were Lithuanians (1.11%), Polish (1.68%), Iraqis (1.06%), Swedes (0.75%), and Syrians (0.64%).https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/09817/tableViewLayout1/?r =Population stats= On 1 January 2009, the population of Tønsberg municipality was 38,914. The population of the urban area, Norway's tenth most populous, was 46,091. 30,061 lived in Tønsberg municipality, while 16,030 lived in Nøtterøy municipality. The urban area extends from Eik in the north, to Tolvsrød, Vallø and Ringshaug in the east and Borgheim on Nøtterøy in the south. Tønsberg municipality contains five additional urban areas: Sem, with 2,147 inhabitants of which 2,100 live in Tønsberg and 47 live in Stokke; Barkåker, with 1,292 inhabitants; Åsgårdstrand, with 2,847 inhabitants of which 2,794 in Horten and 53 in Tønsberg; Vear, with a population of 3,502 of which 2,263 live in Stokke and 1,239 live in Tønsberg, and Revetal, with 2,399 inhabitants all of which live in Tønsberg. Sports FK Tønsberg is the premier football team in Tønsberg, currently playing in the 2. Divisjon as of 2017. Tønsberg Vikings is the local hockey team. The club played in the GET- ligaen until 2014. Tønsberg has hosted a round of the UIM F2 World Championship every year since 2014. Tourist sites Ruins of St. Olav's Church. Perhaps the most important landmark in the town is Slottsfjellet, the tower standing on the hill. It was erected in 1888 as a memorial to Tønsberg Fortress (Tunsberg festning), the old fortress, of which just fragmentary ruins remain today. Below the mountain there is a museum dedicated to "Slottsfjellet" and Tønsberg. There are several exhibitions here about whaling and the fortress, Tønsberg Fortress. Several streets in the town are named after old kings of Norway.Slottsfjellet og Tunsberg (Utgitt av Stiftelsen Gamle Tønsberg) Ruins of St Michael's Church. Other notable tourist sites include: *Haugar Art Museum (Haugar Vestfold Kunstmuseum) – located in the former Seamen's School in the middle of Tønsberg, the brick building was built 1918–21. The museum was established in 1993 as a foundation created by Vestfold county and municipality of Tønsberg. The museum is a division of Vestfold Museum (Vestfoldmuseene). Haugar Vestfold Art Museum is located in the parkland between the site of the ancient assembly of Haugating and the two Viking era mounds. *Foynegården – the city's best-preserved merchant's yard. Foynegården is the site of a patrician houses from the 1700s where Svend Foyn was born in 1809. *Ruins of St. Olav's Church (Olavskirken) – Former monastery founded in 1191, located near the current Tønsberg Library. *Ruins of St Michael's Church (Mikaelskirken) are still visible on top of Castle Mountain by Tønsberg Fortress. The church was mentioned among the royal chapels. It is believed to have been destroyed in 1503 when Swedish soldiers razed fortifications. *Sem Church (Sem kirke) – Vestfold's oldest stone church built before 1100 in the Romanesque style, located near the Jarlsberg EstateSem kirke (Kirkebygning og kirkekunst) *Tønsberg Cathedral (Tønsberg domkirke) – Brick church from 1858 with pulpit from 1621 and an altarpiece from 1764. *Slottsfjell festival, one of the biggest happenings in Tønsberg through the year. People all over the country come to Tønsberg to participate, this festival is one of Tønsberg newly landmarks. =Oseberg Mound= Oseberghaugen, the Oseberg burial mound from early Viking era. Tønsberg is the site of Oseberg Mound, a Viking era burial mound. The Oseberg Ship was found in the Oseberg burial mound in 1904. This Viking era longship is now in the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. Archaeological excavations in 1904 uncovered history's largest and richest example of craftsmanship from the Viking Age. In addition to the Oseberg Ship, Oseberghaugen contained the Oseberg carriage, five beautifully carved bed-posts shaped like animal heads, four sledges, beds, chests, weaving-frames, household utensils and much more. Scientific examinations in 1992 now date the burial to 834 AD, and indicate a probability that it was Queen Alvhild, the first wife of King Gudrød, who was buried here. When unearthed, the ship was buried in blue clay and covered with stones beneath the 6-meter high Oseberg Mound.Evensberget, Snorre (2012). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Norway. Penguin. Page 85. . Economy Øvre Langgate street (Tønsberg) Tønsberg is mostly a shopping town and an administrative centre. It is also noted especially for its silverware. The city is served by the railway line Vestfoldbanen, which runs in a loop through the city before reaching Tønsberg Station. Notable residents Lene Nystrøm, the main vocalist in Aqua, is from Tønsberg. * Johan Henrik Dietrichs (1809-1886), merchant and mayor of the town * Niels Johan Føyn (1860–1945), meteorologist * Svend Foyn (1809–1894), a Norwegian shipping and whaling magnate * Johan Sverdrup (1816–1892), liberal politician, prime minister of Norway from 1884 to 1889 * Wilhelm Wilhelmsen (1839–1910), a Norwegian shipping magnate, founder of the Wilh. Wilhelmsen Shipping Company * Peter Christophersen (1845–1930), diplomat * Søren Andreas Christophersen (1849–1933), diplomat * Axel Thue (1863–1922), Norwegian American mathematician * Ole O. Lian (1868–1925), politician, leader of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions * Halfdan M. Hanson (1884–1952), Norwegian American architect * Hjalmar Andersen (1923–2013), three times European and World champion as well as 1952 Winter Olympics champion in speedskating * Jahn Teigen (1949-2020), singer, musician, and comedian * Ronny Johnsen (born 1969), former professional footballer (Manchester United), lives in Tønsberg * Anders Aukland (born 1972), the six-time winner of the world championship in cross-country skiing, born in Husvik/Tønsberg * Lene Nystrøm (born 1973), lead vocalist of the Danish-Norwegian dance group Aqua * Magnus Carlsen (born 1990), Norwegian chess grandmaster, World Chess Champion *Kjetil Borch (born 1990) world rowing champion * Adelén (born 1996), Norwegian singer * Seigmen, a Norwegian alternative rock band, comes from Tønsberg. * Hans Gottfried Wang, represented Tønsberg in the Norwegian parliament. Popular culture Tønsberg has been featured as a location in several films, most notably movies in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In the 2010 film Iron Man 2, it is mentioned to be a location under surveillance by S.H.I.E.L.D.Bacon, Thomas (May 5, 2019). "In Avengers: Endgame Pays Off Original Thor & Captain America Films" . Screen Rant. Retrieved June 10, 2019. In the 2011 film Thor, it is established that centuries ago, Tønsberg was the invasion point of the Frost Giants of Jotunheim, who sought to conquer the Earth, before they were defeated by Odin and the forces of Asgard. Later in 2011, it is seen in Captain America: The First AvengerVestmo, Birger (11 August 2011). "Captain America: The First Avenger: Slik skal en superheltfilm være!" Filmpolitiet. (Norwegian). Retrieved June 10, 2019 as the location of a church where a sect of Odin worshipers served as the hiding place of a powerful artifact called the Tesseract, which is stolen during World War II by the Red Skull. In the 2019 film Avengers: Endgame the town is revealed to be where the Asgardians who survived the destruction of Asgard at the end of Thor: Ragnarok and Thanos' attack in the beginning of Avengers: Infinity War have made their new home, which they have named New Asgard. Tønsberg is also featured in the 2010 game Mount and Blade: Warband's Viking Conquest expansion as the capital of the Kingdom of Northvegr. Gallery File:Tønsberg_Møllegaten.jpgMøllers Gaten File:Tønsberg,_Norway_(5251970851).jpgTønsberg during winter File:Tønsberg_Torvgaten_002.jpgTorvgaten in the city centre File:Kunstmuseum_Tønsberg_Norway_june_2014_minnebauta.jpgHaugar Art Museum File:Tønsberg_tønne.jpgTønsberg Barrel on East Island in Sandefjord is a seamark which marks the entry point to the City of Tønsberg. File:Part_of_panorama_photo_of_Tønsberg,_Vestfold_- _Riksantikvaren-T084_01_0527_from_1908_-_Slottsfjellet,_Slottsfjellstårnet,_Slottsfjellmuseet,_Slottsfjellskolen,_Nordbyen,_Tønsberg_domkirke,_Tønsberg_gamle_stasjon,_hotell,_båter,_T.jpgTønsberg in January 1908 File:Osebergshögen_Tønsberg.jpgOseberg Mound, where the 9th century 22-metre Oseberg Ship was discovered Twin towns – sister cities The following cities are twinned with Tønsberg: * Covarrubias, Spain * Évora, Portugal * Ísafjörður, Iceland * Joensuu, Finland * Lamia, Greece * Linköping, Sweden * Ravenna, Italy References External links *Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway Municipality website *Tønsberg Navigasjonsskole *Haugar Art Museum Municipalities of Vestfold og Telemark Populated places in Vestfold og Telemark Cities and towns in Norway Port cities and towns in Norway Port cities and towns of the North Sea Populated places established in the 9th century "
"Svelvik is a town and former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway, now a part of Drammen municipality in Viken county. The town of Svelvik was separated from the rural municipality of Strømm to become a municipality of its own in 1845. The two municipalities were merged back together on 1 January 1964. General information =Name= The Old Norse form of the name was Sverðvík. The first element is sverð n 'sword', the last element is vík f 'cove, wick'. A neighbouring farm has the name Sverstad (Norse Sverðstaðir). The word sverð probably refers to the promontory ridge Ryggen ('the back') in Hurum: This ridge lies right opposite Svelvik and Sverstad, and is almost (like a sword) cutting the Drammensfjord in two parts. =Coat-of-arms= The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 4 September 1964. The arms show a gold-colored trident on a red background, as a symbol for the sea. Geography The Svelvik ferry line is the shortest in Norway. The narrow Svelvikstrømmen sound separates Svelvik from the municipality of Hurum, and the county of Buskerud. This sound is served by a ferry, which has the shortest line in Norway. The village is quite characteristic, with small winding streets and traditional, white-painted houses. Svelvik has many venues for swimming and sunbathing. Media The newspaper Svelviksposten is published in Svelvik.Store norske leksikon: Svelviksposten. Notable residents * Steffen Martinsen, football player * Martin Nymoen, winner of NorgesCup in Mountain bike * Peter Espevoll, lead singer of death metal band Extol * Lalla Carlsen, (1889–1967), actress * Anthon B. Nilsen (alias Elias Kræmmer), (1855–1936), author, businessman and parliamentary politician * Betzy Kjelsberg,(1866–1950), politician (Venstre) * , (1938), jazz banjo player and jazz guitarist * Runi Langum, (1958) artist * , (1970), folk singer, Cornelis Vreeswijk-interpreter * Frode Hagen, (1974), handball player * Hans Reidar Andersen (1912-1982) last stonemason Pictures from Svelvik File:Svelvik.jpgThe built up area and town of Svelvik lies beside , a narrow sound in , which connects to Oslofjorden further south. The flow is amongst Norway's strongest. File:Svelvik_kirke_TRS.jpg is a long church from 1859 with seating for 140. File:MF Svelviksund in Svelvik TRS 070414 014.jpgThe ferry plies between (Hurum) and Svelvik, and is Norway's shortest ferry crossing. File:Vilt og vakkert ved fjorden.jpgFra fjorden, januar 2009, by Håvard Selby Ebbestad File:2009 Oktober Strømmen 002.jpgOktoberkveld ved Svelvikstrømmen, by Håvard Selby Ebbestad References External links * Svelvik kommune * Svelvikportalen.no * Detailed statistics for Svelvik kommune * Local news from Svelviksposten * Photographs of Svelvik 1904-1938 * Culture in Svelvik map from Kulturnett.no * Historical archives of the current Svelvik kommune at * Historical archives of the former Svelvik kommune at * Historical archives of the former Strømm kommune at Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway * Cities and towns in Norway Drammen "
"Sande is a municipality in Vestfold County, Norway. Its administrative centre is the village of Sande i Vestfold. The municipality of Sande was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). Sande is located in a beautiful area by the sea about south of Oslo (50 minutes driving time). In recent years the administrative center of Sande has grown significantly due to many new apartments and stores. Portions of the 1973 Olsenbanden movie Olsenbanden tar gull from were filmed in Sande. Another portion was filmed Stavern. General information =Name= The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Sande farm (Old Norse: Sandvin) because the first church was built there. The first element in the name, sandr, means "sand", and the last element, vin, means "meadow" or "pasture". =Coat-of-arms= The coat-of-arms is from modern times. It was granted on 19 December 1986, and it represents silver-colored Sandebukta bay, with its typical shape, surrounded by forests and mountains. Geography Presteseteråsen (568 m.) is located in westernmost Sande municipality and is the highest point in Sande.Larsen, Erlend (2011). På Tur i Vestfold del 2. E-forlag. Page 196. . Media The newspaper Sande Avis is published in Sande.Store norske leksikon: Sande Avis. Sande Church in Vestfold Sande Church Sande in Vestfold is the site of the medieval era Sande Church (Sande kirke, Vestfold). It is located in Sande parish in Nord-Jarlsberg rural deanery. The building material is stone and brick, and it was built in 1150. In 1783, the church burned down; only the walls remained. Over the next eight years, it was rebuilt, and 1860 the church was refurnished. But the older altarpiece, baptismal font, and pulpit were retained. The pulpit is also from 1783 and features Rococo-style carvings. The font of soapstone is the only medieval inventory preserved. Sister cities The following cities are twinned with Sande: * Akaa, Western Finland, Finland * Klippan, Skåne County, Sweden Famous inhabitants * Carl I. Hagen, former Vice President of the Norwegian Parliament and chairman of the Progress Party from 1978 until 2006. * Rune Høydahl, former silver medalist in the World Mountain Bike Championship References External links Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway * Municipalities of Vestfold og Telemark Villages in Vestfold og Telemark "