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"The State Museum of Oriental Art () is one of the biggest cultural institutions in the world for preservation, research, and display of Oriental art. The museum was founded in 1918 as a part of soviet programme to support unique cultures of USSR subdivisions. Since 1970 the museum is located in the centre of Moscow in the historical building known as the Lunins' House, a private residence built in the early 19th century by the famous architect Domenico Gilardi. The museum has galleries for the art and archaeology of India, Persia, China, Japan, Buryatia, Transcaucasia, and Chukchi Peninsula. Major part of the Persian objects have been donated by General Tardov in 1929. In 2017 the Nicholas Roerich Museum was established as a part of the State Museum of Oriental Art. Named after the prominent Russian artist Nicholas Roerich, the new museum holds more than 800 masterpieces of Western painters from his collection and numerous items of decorative and applied arts, that Roerich family brought from India. History = Establishment = Before the October revolution Moscow had no centres of Oriental studies. When the independent republics were declared within the USSR, the government decided to establish a special museum for the East nations and their heritage. The project was developed by the Russian historian Pavel Muratov and supported by Igor Grabar, who was a leading art historian and a specialist in museum affairs. In a few months they opened ‘Ars Asiatica’, at first on the premises of the Russian State Historical Museum, then moved to Tsvetkov Mansion on Prechistenskaya Embankment. Fyodor Gogel became the museum's first director. Following the course of Korenizatsiya policy, the exposition was based on the art of the East Soviet nations. In 1925 the museum was renamed into ‘State Museum of Oriental Art’. Up to 1929, the organisation balanced on a verge of closure due to low scientific activity. However, in 1929 when the museum was moved to the former Church of Elijah at Vorontsovo Pole street, the personnel finally started full-scale works and research. The very first exhibitions opened in 1930, since then the museum received official governmental support. = Collection = 1491 miniature, collection of the museum The collection includes items from the National Museum Fund, antique shops, and nationalized private collections of noble families, taken by the government after the Revolution. In 1920s some items were transferred from the Polytechnic Museum, the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, and the State Historical Museum. The major part of the collection was donated by private philanthropists. For example, Pyotr Shchukin had a keen interest in Oriental art and gathered a solid collection of old master prints and figurines from China, Iran, and India. In 1910 he established a private museum at Malaya Gruzinskaya street. After the Revolution, it was nationalized and given to the Museum of Oriental Art. The museum also received private collections of Pavel Kharitonenko, perfumer Henri Brocard, Orientalist Alexey Pozndeev, Nikolay Mosolov, and Igor Grabar. The first permanent exhibition was opened in 1919 at the Russian History Museum and included arts from China, Japan and Iran. Since 1924 the museum launched several expeditions to the Far East in order to collect new artifacts. By order of the Soviet government, from 1930 the exhibitions included propaganda materials. In 1926-1928 the second director Boris Deneke launched three expeditions to Old Termez. They provided the museum with unique items from the XII century palace and other historical sites. In 1929 the first buying expeditions were sent to Kurdistan and Tusheti. Contemporary Activities Nowadays new valuable items keep coming to the museum's vast collection through private donations and archaeological excavations. As of 2018, the collection includes more than 160,000 artefacts: paintings, graphics, sculpture, clothing, arms, and domestic items. Apart from its permanent exhibitions, the museum manages and co-creates various activities and events with other cultural organizations. References Sources * Art museums and galleries in Moscow Asian art museums Museums in Moscow "
"Kells Round Tower is a round tower in Kells, County Meath in Ireland. The tower, and the high crosses nearby, are National Monuments. History Kells was founded as a monastic settlement by Saint Columba c. 550 on land that had been gifted to him by the King of Tara - Diarmait mac Cerbaill. Columba was exiled after the Battle of Cúl Dreimhne (AD 561). The Abbey of Kells was refounded in the early 9th century by monks from Iona. The high crosses were erected in the 9th/10th century and the round tower in the 10th century.http://www.visitingkells.ie/roundtower/ The Annals of Tigernach state that in 1076 "Murchadh son of Flann Ó Maolseachlainn, was treacherously killed by Olaf son of Maelán, king of the Galenga, in the round tower of Kells, and straightway, through a miracle of St Columcill's, Olaf himself was killed by Maolseachlainn son of Conchobhar." Olaf (note the Norse name) was king of Gailenga Brega, a kingdom located between the River Liffey and Santry. Murchadh was King of Mide for a time in 1073. Maolseachlainn son of Conchobhar was himself later King of Mide, 1094–1105. Like most round towers, it has lost its cap, possibly due to lightning strikes. Tower Tower entrance The tower stands high. The doorway originally stood about above ground level and was reached by wooden steps or a ladder. Most round towers have four windows on the top level, one for each cardinal direction, but Kells has five, supposedly one facing each road into the town and each town gate. The crosses There are five high crosses: *Cross of St Patrick and St Columba (South Cross): the earliest cross, erected in the 9th century. Carved scenes include Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, the Three Children in the Furnace and Daniel in the lions' den. *West Cross (Ruined Cross): Adam and Eve, entry into the Promised Land, Marriage at Cana, Baptism of Jesus and his triumphal entry into Jerusalem. Supposedly the cross was damaged by soldiers of Oliver Cromwell. *East Cross (Unfinished Cross): incomplete; it gives an insight into how crosses were carved, with the details being added on site. *Market Cross: : as well as religious scenes (including David with lyre, the Binding of Isaac and the temptation of Saint Anthony) there is depicted a deer hunt, birds, animals and centaurs. * North Cross: only the base remains. References National Monuments in County Meath Religion in County Meath Towers in the Republic of Ireland High crosses in the Republic of Ireland "
"Zaza Nadiradze () (born 2 September 1993) is a Georgian sprint canoeist. He competed in the men's C-1 200 metres event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. References External links * 1993 births Living people Male canoeists from Georgia (country) Olympic canoeists of Georgia (country) Canoeists at the 2016 Summer Olympics People from Mtskheta ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in Canadian European Games competitors for Georgia (country) Canoeists at the 2019 European Games "