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"Kuromido (Japanese: 黒味銅) is an historically Japanese copper alloy, typically of 99% copper and 1% metallic arsenic,Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemannm 1993: La Niece and Craddock, eds, Metal Plating and Patination: cultural, technical and historical developments - Chap. 7, Murakami, Ryu, "Japanese Traditional Alloys" one of the class of irogane metals. It is used in the production of other alloys, and in decorative fittings, as well as in mokume-gane processes. See also * Shakudō * Shibuichi * Corinthian bronze and hepatizon (Black bronze) * Electrum * Orichalcum * Panchaloha * Tumbaga External sources * References Irogane Copper alloys Arsenic "
"The Resian dialect (self-designation Rozajanski langač, or lengač, , ) is a distinct dialect of Slovene spoken in the Resia Valley, Province of Udine, Italy, close to the border with Slovenia. Because of its remote location outside Slovenia, the dialect has phonetic properties different from standard Slovene, and from most other Slovene dialects. Many, arguably the majority, of its speakers consider it a separate language. Pater Noster in the old Resian dialect Characteristics Although not a regulated dialect (scholars consider it a dialect of Slovene rather than a different language), and without any official status in Italy, Resian is written with a Latin script different from that used for standard Slovene. The alphabet contains the letter , a letter that few Slavic languages use (only Polish, Kashubian and Upper and Lower Sorbian). This grapheme—according to the Italian linguist Bartoli—is characteristic of the Ladin language of the eastern Alps and indicates the autochthonous Neolatin population's strong influence on Resian. = Historical development and linguistic features = A bilingual sign in Italian and Resian in the Resia Valley Most contemporary scholars consider Resian a transitional dialect between the Carinthian and Littoral dialects of Slovene. Linguists identify three historical layers in the development of Resian. Initially, Resian was a part of the Carinthian Gail Valley dialect (spoken south of Villach, Austria, but also in the Italian municipalities of Malborghetto Valbruna and Tarvisio, and in the towns of Rateče and Kranjska Gora in Slovenia). In the 14th century, with the German and Friulian colonization of the Canale and Raccolana valleys, the connection of Resian with Carinthian dialects was interrupted. Starting from the 15th century, Resian acquired specific features of Venetian Slovenian dialects (especially the vocabulary). The third layer is represented by specific innovations and developments, which are unique to Resian and cannot be found in any other Slovene dialect. In addition, Resian has maintained a number of archaisms (including the aorist) that have disappeared both in standard Slovene and most other Slovene dialects. Atypical for a Slavic language, Resian has a definite article: masculine te, feminine ta (the only standard Slavic languages to contain definite articles are Bulgarian and Macedonian). This historical development helps to understand the specifics of Resian in regards to other Slovene dialects. Regarding the vocabulary, Resian is very similar to other western Slovene dialects, both from the Littoral and Carinthian dialect group: especially the Natisone Valley dialect, Torre Valley dialect, Gail Valley dialect, Brda dialect and upper Soča dialect. It however distinguishes sharply from these neighboring dialects in its phonetics. Resian sounds very different from other Slovene dialects, especially regarding the vowel system; nevertheless, some of its features are common to the Carinthian dialect group. = Mutual intelligibility with Slovene = Written Resian can mostly be understood by Slovenes, but spoken Resian is much harder to understand, especially for those from central and eastern Slovenia. Resian forms a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum, and shares numerous features with the dialects spoken in the Slovenian Littoral and Venetian Slovenia, and communication between these communities is intelligible. However, Resian and standard Slovene are mutually unintelligible due to archaisms lost in modern Slovene, and due to significant Italian and Friulian influences on Resian vocabulary. Scholars Notable linguists who have studied the dialect include Jan Niecisław Baudouin de Courtenay, Eric Hamp, Milko Matičetov, and Roberto Dapit. See also * Friuli * Venetian Slovenia * Slovene Lands References External links * Resianic homepage, containing texts in Italian, German, Slovenian, and English, as well as a Resian-Slovenian dictionary Slovene language Languages of Friuli-Venezia Giulia "
"Thunderlord is a fictional DC Comics superhero, a Buddhist monk who has vocal manipulation powers. Fictional character biography Liang Xih-k'ai, Thunderlord's real name, helps the Black Canary dismantle a bomb on the island of Taiwan."DC Comics Presents" #46 (June 1982) Later on, he assists the brothers Thunder and Lightning in Vietnam during the Crisis on Infinite Earths. Thunderlord joins the other Global Guardians as brainwashed pawns of the Queen Bee. The brainwashing efforts are long and complex. As with most of the Guardians he assists the Justice League Europe in battling a robot threat. It takes a trip into the sewers before the group could destroy it. Unknown to the heroes, the robot was under the Queen's control and she did not care if it had actually killed Thunderlord or anyone else in particular, it was a public relations maneuver. As with the rest of her brainwashed victims, Thunderlord remains loyal to the Queen Bee until her murder by Sumaan Harjavti. At the same time, several recently fired members of the Justice League, Blue Beetle, Captain Atom, Elongated Man and the Crimson Fox had violated international law to investigate Bialya. They suspected Bialya was behind their firings and other manipulations of the League (they were right). The group confronts the Guardians and in the crossfire, Little Mermaid is slain by a blast from Jack O'Lantern. Thunderlord and the rest of the Guardians pursue the League through the Queen's scientific facilities. The brainwashing center is discovered. Sumaan detonates the entire complex, killing many innocent people above and some of the scientists below. Ice saves as many lives as she can with an ice shield. She fails to save Jack O'Lantern but it turns out he was an impostor whom nobody knew. Thunderlord, the Guardians and the Justice League team up to defeat the mind-controlling villain Sonar."JUSTICE LEAGUE EUROPE" #50 (May 1993) =Death= The heroes involved stay to help the injured then go their separate ways. Thunderlord gains a job doing celebrity impersonations. Fain Y'onia, an ancient enemy of Doctor Mist, begins attacking the group one by one. Godiva, Impala and the Olympian are all injured. Bushmaster dies during his fight with Fain. The surviving Guardians gather again, ambushing Fain in the Arizona desert when he tries to kill Owlwoman. Fain's energy blasts pierce Thunderlord, killing him. After Fain's defeat, a statue is built to honor Thunderlord, placed alongside statues of other fallen Guardians."Justice League Quarterly" #17 (Winter 1994) Thunderlord makes a cameo along with many of his Guardian allies in "The OMAC Project". In that storyline, multiple heroes race to destroy a sentient satellite that detests all powered beings."OMAC PROJECT" #6 (November 2005) References External links * Thunderlord at DC Comics Wiki * Thunderlord at the Guide to the DC Universe Comics characters introduced in 1982 DC Comics metahumans DC Comics male superheroes DC Comics superheroes Fictional Buddhist monks Chinese superheroes "