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"The Best of Joan C. Baez is a Joan Baez compilation that A&M; put together shortly after Baez left the label in 1977. Selections from five of her six A&M; albums were included (no songs from 1973's Where Are You Now, My Son? appear), with the emphasis on material from 1975's Diamonds & Rust album. Liner notes were written by John L. Wasserman of the San Francisco Chronicle. Track listing All tracks composed by Joan Baez; except where indicated #"Diamonds & Rust" #"Forever Young" (Bob Dylan) #"Prison Trilogy (Billy Rose)" #"Simple Twist of Fate" (Bob Dylan) #"Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer" (Stevie Wonder, Syreeta Wright) #"Love Song to a Stranger" #"Please Come to Boston" (Dave Loggins) #"Children and All That Jazz" #"Sweeter for Me" #"Imagine" (John Lennon) #"Gracias a la Vida" (Violeta Parra) #"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down" (Robbie Robertson) References 1977 greatest hits albums Joan Baez compilation albums A&M; Records compilation albums Albums produced by David Kershenbaum "
"Gurumayi Chidvilasananda (or Swami Chidvilasananda), born as Malti Shetty, is the current spiritual head of the Siddha Yoga path. She is formally known as Swami Chidvilasananda or more informally as Gurumayi (the Sanskrit word translates to "immersed in the Guru"). The Siddha Yoga lineage (parampara) was established by Bhagawan Nityananda, whose disciple and successor, Muktananda was Gurumayi's guru. Life and career Swami Chidvilasananda is the monastic name of Malti Shetty. She was born near Mangalore, India on 24 June 1955. Malti was the oldest child of a Mumbai couple who were devotees of Muktananda in the 1950s. Her parents took her to the Gurudev Siddha Peeth ashram at Ganeshpuri for the first time when she was five years old. During her childhood, her parents brought her, her sister, and two brothers to the ashram on weekends.Douglas Brooks, Swami Durgananda, Paul E. Muller-Ortega, Constantina Rhodes Bailly, S.P. Sabharathnam. Meditation Revolution: a History and Theology of the Siddha Yoga lineage. (Agama Press) 1997, p.62 She received spiritual initiation (shaktipat) from Muktananda at age fourteenMeditation Revolution, p.64 and moved to the ashram as a formal disciple and yoga student.The Graceful Guru: Hindu Female Gurus in India and the United States, Karen Pechilis, Oxford University Press US, 2004, pg. 225 At age twenty, Muktananda made her his official English language translator and she accompanied him on his second and third world tours.Douglas Brooks, Swami Durgananda, Paul E. Muller-Ortega, Constantina Rhodes Bailly, S.P. Sabharathnam. Meditation Revolution: a History and Theology of the Siddha Yoga lineage. (Agama Press) 1997, p.99. This history records Chidvilasandna as starting as translator for Muktananda at the age of 20. She translated for Muktananda on his second and third world tours but not on his first.. Note that Caldwell gives the age of Gurumayi's shaktipat as thirteen, not fourteen as stated by Pechilis. On 3 May 1982, she was initiated as a sannyasin into the Saraswati order of monks, taking vows of poverty, celibacy and obedience, and acquiring the title and monastic name of Swami Chidvilasananda, (Sanskrit for "bliss of the play of consciousness"). At this time Muktananda formally designated her as one of his successors, along with her younger brother Subhash Shetty, whose monastic name was Swami Nityananda.Meditation Revolution, p.115 Muktananda died in October 1982, after which Chidvilasananda and her brother became joint spiritual heads of the Siddha Yoga path. However, Chidvilasananda's brother left the Siddha Yoga path in 1985.S.P. Sabharathnam Douglas Brooks. Meditation Revolution: A History and Theology of the Siddha Yoga Lineage. Agama Press, 1997. page 115. According to his 1986 interview in Hinduism Today, Nityananda left by his own choice, deciding to cease to be a Siddha Yoga Sannyasi but wishing his sister well as sole guru. In the decades of the 1980s and 1990s, Chidvilasananda gave lectures and conducted Siddha Yoga Shaktipat Intensives in India, United States, Europe, Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, and Mexico. Through Shaktipat Intensives, participants are said to receive Shaktipat initiation (the awakening of Kundalini energy that, according to Indian scriptural tradition, resides within each person) and to deepen their practice of Siddha Yoga meditation.S.P. Sabharathnam Douglas Brooks. Meditation Revolution: A History and Theology of the Siddha Yoga Lineage. Agama Press, 1997. pages 135-152. Since 1989, the SYDA Foundation - the organization that "protects, preserves, and facilitates the dissemination of the Siddha Yoga teachings" - has sponsored the Siddha Yoga Shaktipat Intensive given globally each year. Between 1989 and 2006, Chidvilasananda wrote nine books of spiritual discourses, three books of poetry and three books of spiritual stories for children. These books were published by the SYDA Foundation, a US organisation that holds copyright to all Muktananda and Childvilasananda works.Gurumayi Chidvilasananda, Sadhana of the Heart, vol. 1, (South Fallsburg, NY: SYDA Foundation, 2006; second printing 2011), page 16 Chidvilasananda also records spiritual songs (mantras). Philanthropic work In 1992, Chidvilasananda's humanitarian initiative, the PRASAD Project, was incorporated in the United States. The PRASAD project is an NGO in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. The PRASAD Project assists "people to achieve lives of self-reliance and dignity by offering programs of health, education and sustainable community development in India, dental care in the United States and eye care in Mexico." In the treatment of cataracts, PRASAD de Mexico has "performed free eye surgery on 26,087 adults and children." In 1997, Chidvilasananda founded the Muktabodha Indological Research Institute which now has its own publishing imprint, Agama Press. The mission of Muktabodha, based on Chidvilasananda's original intention for the organization in 1997, is "to preserve endangered texts from the religious and philosophical traditions of classical India and make them accessible for study and scholarship worldwide." Through the SYDA Foundation, Chidvilasananda also supports the Prison Project, originally created by Muktananda in 1979. The Prison Project makes the teachings and practices of the Siddha Yoga path available to incarcerated individuals. There are "six thousand students in over fifteen hundred prisons in North America, Europe, Canada, and Australia." Publications Chidvilasananda, Swami (1990). Ashes at My Guru's Feet. SYDA Foundation. * Chidvilasananda, Swami (1991). Siddha Yoga Diksha (in Hindi). SYDA Foundation. * Chidvilasananda, Swami (1994). My Lord Loves A Pure Heart. SYDA Foundation. Chidvilasananda, Swami (1995). Blaze The Trail of Equipoise. SYDA Foundation. * Muktananda, Swami & Chidvilasananda, Swami (1995). Resonate With Stillness. SYDA Foundation. * Chidvilasananda, Swami (1996). The Yoga of Discipline. SYDA Foundation. * Chidvilasananda, Swami (1996). The Magic of the Heart. SYDA Foundation. * Chidvilasananda, Swami (1997). Enthusiasm. SYDA Foundation. Chidvilasananda, Gurumayi (1998). Remembrance. SYDA Foundation. * Chidvilasananda, Gurumayi (1999). Courage and Contentment. SYDA Foundation. * Chidvilasananda, Gurumayi (2006). Sadhana of the Heart – Siddha Yoga Messages for the Year Volume 1: 1995–1999. SYDA Foundation. In popular culture Reporters for Salon.com and The New York Post have speculated that Chidvilasananda was the guru featured in Elizabeth Gilbert's memoir Eat, Pray, Love and its film adaptation. Gilbert became a devotee of this guru after seeing a photo of this "radiantly beautiful Indian woman."Eat, Pray, Love, Elizabeth Gilbert (Bloomsbury Publishing) 2006, p.25 She later went to the guru's ashram in India as part of a year-long sabbatical. Gilbert has not identified by name the real-life ashram and guru featured in the book.Shah, Riddhi. "The "Eat, Pray, Love" guru's troubling past." Salon.com, 14 August 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2011 References Further reading * External links 1955 births Living people 20th-century Hindu religious leaders 21st-century Hindu religious leaders Hindu female religious leaders Tulu people Indian spiritual writers Women mystics "
"The Kennedy Slide of 1962, also known as the Flash Crash of 1962, is the term given to the stock market decline from December 1961 to June 1962 during the Presidential term of John F. Kennedy. After the market experienced decades of growth since the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the stock market peaked during the end of 1961 and plummeted during the first half of 1962. During this period, the S&P; 500 declined 22.5%, and the stock market did not experience a stable recovery until after the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 5.7%, down 34.95, the second-largest point decline then on record. Background Following the Wall Street Crash of 1929, speculators became more cautious and reluctant about holding on to stocks for extended periods of time. As a result, there was an increased trend of pooling on the bear side of the market—betting on stock prices to lower—and pushing stock prices down further. These bear raids allowed many Wall Street investors to make fortunes, for adequate regulation of inside information had not yet become established. Joseph P. Kennedy, a famous and prominent bear raider, had gained much of his fortune through trading in stock pools. As his wealth continued to grow, he later entered the political sphere as a strong supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Kennedy eventually became appointed as the chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, a federal agency established by Franklin D. Roosevelt in order to investigate current speculative operations and prevent a downturn like the 1929 crash. During his term as the head of the commission, Kennedy did a thorough job and made a name for both himself and his family. His success and reputation may have eventually helped place his son in the Presidency during the election of 1960. During the time period leading up to the Kennedy Slide of 1962, the economy was experiencing a rapid expansion. From February 1951 to December 1959, the real GDP of the United States had risen significantly. Stock prices had been on a steady rise since the late 1940s, and when John F. Kennedy took office in 1961, he promised that the recovery would continue. After continuing to rise through December 1961, however, the stock market experienced a massive decline. Through June 1962, the S&P; 500 experienced a 22.5% decline. The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 5.7% on May 28, 1962 alone, in what was termed the "Flash Crash of 1962". Explanations During the time of the Kennedy Slide, the head of the American Stock Exchange, Edwin Posner, explained to reporters that "this definitely is not panic selling". Instead, he attributed the drop in stock prices as an adjustment from the previous 10 years of growth that the economy had been experiencing. With this drop, Posner believed that stocks were reaching their realistic levels. After a thorough investigation led by a special committee of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the committee concluded that there were clear signs of incompetence, but none of malfeasance that would have warranted further investigation. The SEC had hoped to figure out the causes of wrongdoing in order to pass legislation that would prevent further mishaps, but it did not find any evidence of such behavior. In its report, the SEC concluded that the downturn in the market was due to "a complex interaction of causes and effects—including rational and emotional motivations as well as a variety of mechanisms and pressures", which led to a "downward spiral of great velocity and force". The end of the report labeled the market slide as an isolated, nonrecurring incident with precipitating causes that were unable to be confidently ascertained. Recovery President John F. Kennedy was asked by many to address the public about the state of the economy, but he ultimately decided not to do so. Kennedy's advisors pushed for all sorts of remedies, from reducing the margin requirement to announcing a tax cut of $5–10 billion to holding a "fireside chat" and discussing the health of the economy. Six weeks after deciding on not taking an action, however, Kennedy reduced the margin requirement and decided on a tax cut, hoping to incentivize large, self-financing companies. The public began gaining confidence after important businessmen and fund managers addressed press about the concerns of the market. J. Paul Getty, an oil tycoon with large investments in Wall Street, addressed the press and explained, "When some folks see others selling, they automatically follow suit. I do the reverse—and buy. I don't think the slide will go on. In fact, I think there will be a rather substantial rise shortly." Walter Benedict, fund manager of the billion dollar mutual fund Investors Planning Corporation, also announced that the market was bullish, stating that his funds had recently purchased $20 million worth of stock. With the backing of successful investors, the public's fears had temporarily subsided, and the stock markets rallied heavily in what became the greatest single day rally since the end of World War II. Although it seemed like recovery was imminent, the stock market continued to be volatile throughout the month of June. A stable rise did not occur until the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis in October. Aftermath This stock market shock was significant, but it had little immediate effects on interest rate premiums in the credit market. During the entire period, the interest rates remained relatively steady. Because there had not been substantial loan losses or bank failures in decades, the bank system remained remarkably stable, preventing the interest rates from spreading upward. The Federal Reserve made only minor interest rate movements, which helped ease panic in the treasury markets.Mishkin, Frederic. "U.S. STOCK MARKET CRASHES AND THEIR AFTERMATH: IMPLICATIONS FOR MONETARY POLICY." NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2002). Web. 24 Mar. 2013. . When comparing the highest and lowest points of the stock market during the Kennedy Slide, the paper values of stocks declined 27% during the period of December 1961 and June 1962. The 1929–1932 bear market, which was a substantial cause of the Great Depression, saw a sharp drop of 89%. Many aspects of the Kennedy Slide of 1962 mirrored those of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, such as the detrimental mix of an extremely volatile stock market, fearful investors, and weak leadership. See also * Wall Street Crash of 1929 * Great Depression * Stock market crash * Flash crash * Cuban Missile Crisis References * Recessions Financial crises 1962 in American politics Financial history of the United States 1962 in economics Presidency of John F. Kennedy "