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"This is a list of famous and notable Mexican dubbing voice actors in alphabetical order by last names, where applicable. This would include persons who are known to a large number of people and is not based on the extent of their popularity. Neither is the list viewed from the context of the present. Their fame could be brief; what matters is that they were well known during the peak of their popularity. In the Hispanic community the dubbed voices of famous film actors are remembered better and became widely recognizable (e.g. the Spanish voice of Homer Simpson from The Simpsons (translated as "Homero"), performed by Humberto Vélez, is one of the most famous in Latin America). These actors often become stars in the science fiction or subgenre fandoms (such as anime fandom) and become guests in fan conventions. Famous voice actors =Pre-1970s generation= * Jorge Arvizu (Voice of Bugs Bunny, Fred Flintstone ("Pedro Picapiedra"), Ringo Starr, and George Harrison in The Beatles animated series.) (1932–2014) * Jesús Barrero: Voice of Rick Hunter (first voice) in Robotech, Luke Skywalker in Star Wars (fourth voice), Pegasus Seiya in Saint Seiya, and Rex in the Toy Story films (1951–2016) *Narciso Busquets: Regarded by his actor peers as one of the greatest voice actors and directors, he directed and acted in countless films, TV shows, anime, etc. Known for his mastery of the dubbing technique, and his disciplined, energetic, strict attitude on voice directing, he served as a mentor on voice acting for countless actors from later generations. He's known as one of the first actors in Mexico who did dubbing of himself on movies he appeared as early as 1937. (1931-1989) * Irma Carmona: Voice of Brother Bear in The Berenstain Bears, Ranma Saotome (female) in Ranma ½ and Sailor Neptune in Sailor Moon, (born 1960) * Francisco Colmenero (voice of Pumbaa, Goofy, Templeton the rat in Charlotte's Web and the narrator in Beauty and the Beast) (still active) (born 1932) * Pedro D'Aguillon (Voice of Lord Montague in Romeo and Juliet) (1915–2002) * Carmen Donna-Dío (Voice of Reta Shaw in Mary Poppins, Agnes Moorehead in Bewitched, and Cruella de Vil in One Hundred and One Dalmatians) (1921-2005) * Rocío Garcel: Voice of Carmen Sandiego, Bulma in Dragon Ball, Julia Roberts and Sandra Bullock (still active) (born 1948) * Sylvia Garcel: Voice of Lynn Minmei in Robotech (first voice) (retired)(born 1941) * Blas García: Voice of John Rambo (third voice), Cyberdyne Systems Model 101 (third voice), Sylvester Stallone and Diesel (second voice) and Sir Topham Hatt in Thomas & Friends (still active) (born 1941) * José Lavat: Voice of Superman, Indiana Jones, Jigsaw in Saw, HAL 9000 in 2001: A Space Odyssey, Ian McKellen, and Robert De Niro (1948–2018) * Julio Lucena (Voice of Barney Rubble ("Pablo Marmol"), Top Cat and Dick Dastardly) (1924–1985) * Carlos Magaña Voice Director, Dubbing Director, actor and theater director and soap operas, voice of Mufasa in The Lion King (Spanish version) Vice of El Aguila de Serfin" voice of Bardall (the car) creator of the audio book in Latin America. (1946–1998) * Mónica Manjarrez: Voice of Bulma in Dragon Ball Z, Didi Pickles in Rugrats, Sailor Mars in Sailor Moon and Judy Neutron in The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (born 1967) (still active) * Víctor Mares: Voice of Mario (third voice), Clark Griswold in National Lampoon's Vacation, Newman in Seinfeld and Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi (1935–2000) * Arturo Mercado (voice of Beast from the Beauty and the Beast, Shaggy Rogers (first voice), Simba, Scrooge McDuck, Darkwing Duck, George Clooney, Kevin Flynn/Clu in Tron, Wooldoor Sockbat in Drawn Together) (still active) (Born 1940) * Salvador Nájar:Actor, writer and historian, he wrote the book "El Doblaje de Voz" in which he details the story of dubbing and voice acting from the technichal innovations of cinematography in the late 19th century to the history of dubbing in Mexico. Based on his research on the origins of dubbing, he, along with a group of fans, proposed June 12 as "World's Dubbing Day". From 2013 to this year, June 12 as World's Dubbing Day is widely accepted in Latin America and Spain . He was the original Latin-American voice of Kermit the Frog, the original Luke Skywalker in Star Wars, Tony the Tiger in Latin America from 1988 to 2015, Luigi in Cars and Steve Martin in most of his movies. (born 1944) (still active) * Carlos Petrel (Grandpa Simpson, Scar in The Lion King and Dr. Demento) (1930–2000) * José Manuel Rosano Actor and voice director who was chosen personally by Walt Disney in 1943 to be the narrator in Spanish language for most of Disney's productions. He continued on this task until 1977, when his longtime friend and collaborator Edmundo Santos died. (1918–2008) * Edmundo Santos: voice director of Disney's films from 1943 until 1977, he was chosen by Walt Disney personally to direct, act, translate and adapt most of the Disney's films, TV shows and LPs. (voice of the narrator in Casey at the Bat from Make Mine Music, Mickey Mouse (first voice in Latin America), Goofy (also first Latin-American voice), Jiminy Cricket, and Charlie McCarthy in Fun and Fancy Free, Gus in Cinderella, and Tweedledee and the Dormouse in Alice in Wonderland) (1902–1977) * Fanny Schiller: Voice of the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella, Snapdragon (purple flower) in Alice in Wonderland, Aunt Sara in Lady and the Tramp, Flora in Sleeping Beauty, and Pearl Slaghoople in The Flintstones (1901–1971) * Esteban Siller: Voice of Gargamel, Yosemite Sam (third voice), and Rabbit (second voice) in Winnie the Pooh (1931–2013) * Eduardo Tejedo: Voice of Zazu in The Lion King, Filmore in Cars, Benji Price in Captain Tsubasa, Radar O'Reilly in MASH and Ragetti in Pirates of the Caribbean (still active) (born 1951) * Liza Willert: Voice of Livia in The Sopranos, Dexter's Mom in Dexter's Laboratory and Norma Arnold on The Wonder Years (1939–2009) =1970s generation= * Patricia Acevedo: Voice of Lisa Simpson (first voice) in The Simpsons, Sailor Moon, Rachel Green in Friends and Angelica Pickles in Rugrats (still active) (born 1955) * Sergio Bonilla: Voice of Nelson Muntz (second voice), Trunks in Dragon Ball Z and GT, Remy in Ratatouille, and Rocky DeSantos in Power Rangers Zeo (born 1974) (still active) * Araceli de León: Voice of Sailor Jupiter in Sailor Moon, Shampoo in Ranma ½, and Yajirobe in Dragon Ball. (1951–1999) * Enrique Mederos: Voice of Old Kai in Dragon Ball Z, Chucky in Child's Play 2 and 3, Clint Eastwood in Pale Rider (died 2004) * Anabel Méndez: Voice of Sailor Pluto in Sailor Moon and Milhouse (first voice) (still active) * Germán Robles: Voice of KITT in Knight Rider (1929–2015) * Diana Santos (voice of Belle in Beauty and the Beast, Sunni Gummi and Princess Calla in Gummy Bears and Minnie Mouse) (born 1950) (still active) =1980s generation= * Rossy Aguirre: Voice of Akane Tendo in Ranma ½ (first voice), Sailor Mercury in Sailor Moon, Buttercup in The Powerpuff Girls, D.W. Read in Arthur, Phoebe Heyerdahl in Hey Arnold!, and Krillin in Dragon Ball (still active) * Raúl Aldana: Voice of Alan Bradley/Tron in Tron, Will Turner in Pirates of the Caribbean, Kermit (current voice), Mickey Mouse (third voice), and Michael Paré (still active) * César Arias: Voice of Richard Harris, Professor Charles Xavier in X-Men, Donatello in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (second voice), and Kenpachi Zaraki in Bleach (born 1941) (still active) * Cristina Camargo: Voice of Joy in Charlotte's Web, Sailor Saturn in Sailor Moon, Willis Jackson in Diff'rent Strokes, and Heidi in Heidi, Girl of the Alps (still active) (Born 1954) * Mario Castañeda: Voice of Goku in Dragon Ball, Jim Carrey, Cosmo Kramer in Seinfeld, James the Red Engine, Zapp Brannigan in Futurama, and Nephrite in Sailor Moon * Gabriel Chávez: Voice of Mr. Burns (first voice) in The Simpsons, Ed Bighead in Rocko's Modern Life, Grandpa Phil in Hey Arnold! and Buzz Buzzard in The New Woody Woodpecker Show (still active) * Miguel Angel Ghigliazza: Voice of Danny Trejo and Max Rockatansky in Mad Max (still active) * Magda Giner: Voice of Barbara Mawdsley (third voice) in the James Bond films, Invader Zim, Lois in Malcolm in the Middle, Mrs. Simian and Carmen from The Amazing World of Gumball, and Jane Lynch (born 1947) (still active) * Maru Guzmán: Voice of Aurora in Starzinger, and Marge Gunderson in Fargo (still active) (Born 1953) * Norma Herrera: Voice of Mrs. Potts in Beauty and the Beast (still active) * Marina Huerta: Voice of Bart Simpson (first and third voice) and Marge Simpson (second voice) in The Simpsons and Chuckie Finster (first voice) in Rugrats (still active) * Alejandro Illescas: Voice of Ken Masters in Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie, Genma Saotome in Ranma ½, and Boomhauer (first voice) in King of the Hill (1960–2008) * Belinda Martinez: Voice of Sailor Uranus in Sailor Moon Sailor Stars (still active) * Roberto Mendiola: Voice of Isshin Kurosaki in Bleach, Frylock, Victor in Corpse Bride, Myotismon in Digimon, Vulk in Mixels, and Scoutmaster Lumpus in Camp Lazlo (still active) * Ricardo Mendoza: Voice of Courage the Cowardly Dog, Eddy in Ed, Edd n Eddy, Yamcha in Dragon Ball, Melman in Madagascar, Alan Powers "The Brain" (second voice) in Arthur and Jet Link in Cyborg 009 (still active) * Rommy Mendoza: Voice of Winnie Cooper (Danica McKellar) in The Wonder Years, Amanda Zimm (Laura Bertram) in Ready or Not, and Linda Flynn in Phineas and Ferb (still active) (Born 1963) * María Fernanda Morales: Voice of Elaine in Seinfeld, Sailor Venus in Sailor Moon, Kimi Finster in Rugrats and All Grown Up, Nala in The Lion King, Princess Peach, Tak in Invader Zim, Muffy Crosswire in Arthur, and Spencer Hastings in Pretty Little Liars (still active) (Born 1970) * Jorge Ornelas: Voice of Moe Szylak (second voice), Ryu in Shaman King, and Diesel in Thomas & Friends (still active) * Gerardo Reyero: Voice of Han Solo (fourth voice), Jim Carrey, Freeza in Dragon Ball Z, and V in V for Vendetta (still active) * Benjamín Rivera: Voice of Philip J. Fry in Futurama (first voice), Nelson Muntz (first voice), John Connor (first voice), Ryoga Hibiki (second voice) in Ranma ½, Richard Watterson in The Amazing World of Gumball, and Leonardo in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (third voice) (still active) * Guillermo Sauceda: Voice of Batman in Batman (1989), Mr. Mackey in South Park (second voice) and Malachite in Sailor Moon (still active) * Víctor Trujillo: Voice of Lion-O in Thundercats, James P. Sullivan, (a.k.a. "Sulley") in Monsters, Inc. (born 1961) (still active) * Víctor Ugarte: Voice of Harry Potter, Shinji Ikari, Master Shake, Kevin McCallister in Home Alone, Andy Barclay in Child's Play 3 and Daniel Radcliffe (still active) * Humberto Vélez: Voice of Homer Simpson (translated as "Homero") (first voice) in The Simpsons and Cyberdyne Systems Model 101 (second voice) (born 1955) (still active) in Terminator * Alejandro Villeli: Groundskeeper Willie, Wallace in Wallace and Gromit, Gox in Mixels, Grandpa Lou Pickles in Rugrats, and Captain Blackbeard in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (still active) =1990s generation= * Liliana Barba: Voice of May (second voice) in Pokémon, Sango in InuYasha, Kyle Broflovski (first voice) in South Park and Chuckie Finster (second voice) in Rugrats (still active) * Fernando Bonilla: Harold in Hey Arnold! (inactive) * Mónica Estrada: Lil Deville in Rugrats, and Prunella Deegan in Arthur (First voice) (inactive) * Irwin Daayán: Voice of Dende in Dragon Ball Z, Joe Shimamura in Cyborg 009, GIR in Invader Zim, Sheen in Jimmy Neutron, and Kimimaro in Naruto (still active) (born 1978) * Carlos Díaz: Voice of Malcolm in Malcolm in the Middle and Rock Lee in Naruto (still active) (born 1989) * Mario Filio: Voice of Obi-Wan Kenobi since Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Goofy (third voice) (still active) * Enzo Fortuny: InuYasha, Arnold in Hey Arnold! (second voice), Bobby Hill in King of the Hill (first voice), Drake Parker in Drake & Josh and Elijah Wood (still active) (born 1981) * Eduardo Garza: Voice of Elmo (first voice), Big Bird (second voice), Xandir in Drawn Together, Gaara in Naruto, Josh Nicholls in Drake & Josh, Pinocchio in the Shrek movies (excluding the first), Ichigo Kurosaki in Bleach, Nightwing in Batman Arkham Knight and Krillin in Dragon Ball Z (second voice) (still active) (born 1976) * Cristina Hernández: Voice of Senator Padmé Amidala, Blossom from The Powerpuff Girls, Catwoman in The Dark Knight Rises Rini/Sailor Chibi Moon in Sailor Moon (second voice) and Sailor Moon Crystal, and Sakura Kinomoto in Cardcaptor Sakura (still active) (born 1977) * Alfredo Leal: Reese in Malcolm In The Middle , Kit Cloudkicker in TaleSpin, Matsuda in Death Note, Stan Marsh (first voice), Manny Rivera in El Tigre, Arthur Read (first voice) in Arthur, and Eriol Hiragisawa in Cardcaptor Sakura (still active) * Carlos Hernández: Voice of Ben Tennyson in Ben 10: Alien Force, Ben 10: Ultimate Alien, and Ben 10: Omniverse, Pennywise in It (2017 film) and It Chapter Two, Shun Kazami in Bakugan Battle Brawlers, Tommy Gilligan in Codename: Kids Next Door, Rolf in Ed, Edd n Eddy (second voice), Scaredy Squirrel, Tobias Wilson in The Amazing World of Gumball, Zorch and Gurggle in Mixels, Kai in Lego Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu, and Ace Bunny in Loonatics Unleashed (still active) * Ana Lobo: Voice of May (first voice) in Pokémon, Gaz in Invader Zim, Kagome Higurashi (First voice) in InuYasha, Clover in Totally Spies!, and Lynn Minmei in Robotech (second voice) (still active) * Circe Luna: Belldandy in Oh My Goddess!, Rei Ayanami, Gally in Battle Angel, and Pan in Dragon Ball Z (still active) * Isabel Martiñon: Voice of Naruto, Ben Tennyson in Ben 10, Dee Dee in Dexter's Laboratory (second voice), and Gumball in The Amazing World of Gumball (still active) * Arturo Mercado Jr.: Voice of Mickey Mouse (fifth/current voice), Tom Cruise, Shaggy Rogers in Scooby-Doo and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, Brock (second voice) in Pokémon (still active) * Alan Miró: Voice of Ice-T in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Kenneth Branagh in Mary Shelly's Frankenstein, and Earthworm Jim and Evil Jim in Earthworm Jim * Rafael Pacheco: Voice of Kevin Levin in Ben 10: Alien Force, Ace in The Powerpuff Girls (second voice), Lenny in Camp Lazlo, and Principal Nigel Brown in The Amazing World of Gumball (still active) * Claudia Motta: Voice of Bart Simpson (second voice) in The Simpsons and Lila Sawyer in Hey Arnold! (still active). * Mariana Ortiz: Voice of May (third voice) in Pokémon, Buttercup in Powerpuff Girls Z, Nadja Applefield in Ashita no Nadja, and Meg Griffin in Family Guy (third voice) (still active) * Luis Daniel Ramírez: Voice of Romeo in Romeo + Juliet, Ed in Ed, Edd n Eddy, Ranma Saotome (only movie), Peter Parker in the Spider-Man films, Spanky Ham in Drawn Together, Wizwuz and Burnard in Mixels (still active) * Gabriel Ramos: Voice of Ash Ketchum (first voice), Gerald in Hey Arnold! and Tom Felton (still active) (born 1986) * Gaby Ugarte: Voice of Dawn in Pokémon, Konohamaru and Ten Ten in Naruto, Quinn in Zoey 101. * Xóchitl Ugarte: Voice of Misty in Pokémon, Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (second voice), Sami Brady in Days of Our Lives and Sam in Totally Spies! (still active) (born 1979) * Mónica Villaseñor: Voice of Hao Asakura in Shaman King, Tomoyo Daidouj in Cardcaptor Sakura, and Maxwell in Hamtaro (still active) =2000s generation= * Edson Matus: Voice of Rick Hunter (second voice) in Robotech, Philip J. Fry (second voice) and Professor Farnsworth (second voice) in Futurama * Javier Olguín: Voice of Thomas the Tank Engine, Spider-Man in The Amazing Spider-Man series and Percy the Small Engine, Bobby Hill in King of the Hill (second voice) and Babel II * Claudio Velázquez: Voice of Mac in Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Astro Boy, Baby Sylvester in Baby Looney Tunes (first voice), Jeremie Belpois in Code Lyoko (first voice), Max in Dragon Tales (second voice) (still active) * Eduardo Curiel: Voice of Jimmy Neutron (first voice), (still active) * Víctor Manuel Espinoza: Voice of Homer Simpson (second voice) in The Simpsons (still active) * Nallely Solís: Voice of Lisa Simpson (second voice) and Milhouse Van Houten (third voice) in The Simpsons (still active) * Jorge Santos: Voice of King Dedede in Kirby: Right Back at Ya!, Dracula in The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy, and Jafar in Aladdin (still active). * Carlos del Campo: Voice of Escargoon in Kirby: Right Back at Ya!, Drix in Ozzy and Drix, Fuzzy Lumpkins in The Powerpuff Girls (first voice), Slinky in the Toy Story films, and Pepé Le Pew in The Looney Tunes Show (still active). See also * List of Mexicans References Mexican Voice actors Mexican voice actors Mexican, Voice "
"Robert Lewis John Ellery (14 July 1827 – 14 January 1908) was an English- Australian astronomer and public servant who served as Victorian government astronomer for 42 years. Early life Ellery was born in Cranleigh, Surrey, England, the son of John Ellery, a surgeon, and his wife Caroline, née Potter. Ellery was educated at the local grammar school and qualified as a medical practitioner, but he had an early interest in astronomy. Friends at Greenwich Observatory encouraged him and he had some access to instruments there. Career Ellery sailed for Victoria in 1851 attracted by the discovery of gold, and is stated to have practised as a physician at Williamstown, Victoria. If so it could only have been for a very short period, as in 1853 the Victorian government decided to found an astronomical observatory as a service to shipping, whose navigators relied critically on accurate astronomical time for determination of their longitude and appreciated the opportunity to synchronise their chronometers. Ellery had already established a reputation as a astronomer and in July 1853 was put in charge of the facility. The Victorian government observatory was at first on a very modest scale, being housed in a small two-roomed cottage at Williamstown, and the only instruments were a sextant, an artificial horizon and a marine chronometer. However, by March 1854, a 30-inch transit instrument, a good astronomical clock and a time-ball apparatus had been added, and a few meteorological instruments were also obtained. Ellery's workload was not heavy, and he also undertook for a time the duties of storekeeper of the marine depot. In 1856 he began a geodetic survey of Victoria which was not completed until 1874. At the beginning of 1858 the government founded another observatory known as the magnetic observatory on Flagstaff Hill, West Melbourne, under a distinguished German scientist, Georg von Neumayer, who had applied for a site in the Domain south of the Yarra without success. Both Ellery and Neumayer found that the sites given them were not suitable for their work, but it was not until 1863 that a move was made to the Domain. Edward John White, an able astronomer, was added to Ellery's staff in May 1860, and several valuable catalogues of stars were prepared and published. Melbourne Observatory played a crucial role in the 1862 determination of the distance from the earth of the sun, which involved close cooperation between Ellery and E. J. Stone of Greenwich. In 1868 a new telescope was sent out from England but the results obtained with it were unsatisfactory. Ellery resolved the issues he had with the telescope by applying his mechanical ability to the problems involved. Ellery had an able assistant in Ebenezer Farie Macgeorge (born 1836), who had been his surveyor in 1867 when he defined the boundary between South Australia and New South Wales, then replaced Albert Le Sueur as his observer, serving from 1870 to 1872. In March 1871 he reported to the Royal Society of Victoria that since Le Sueur's polishing of the Great Melbourne Telescope the chief limitation to observation was the atmosphere, not the instrument. At the end of 1890, another telescope arrived and Ellery began a new important piece of work, the preparation of the share allotted to Melbourne of the astrographic chart. He retired in 1895 and was succeeded by Pietro Baracchi. Later life In addition to his own work Ellery had much to do with educational and scientific bodies. He was one of the founders of the Royal Society of Victoria and its president from 1866 to 1884, became a trustee of the public library, museums and National Gallery of Victoria in 1882, and was also for many years a member of the council of the University of Melbourne. He was interested in the volunteer movement and in 1873 organized the Victorian torpedo corps, afterwards the submarine mining engineers. He was in command until 1889, when he retired with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1900, Ellery was elected president of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science; he chose as the subject of his address "A Brief History of the Beginnings and Growth of Astronomy in Australasia". Ellery was the first president of the Victorian Beekeepers' Club in 1885, and edited the Australian Beekeepers' Journal. Early in 1907 Ellery had a paralytic stroke, but recovered well and was in fair health until shortly before his death at Melbourne on 14 January 1908. Ellery wrote many papers for scientific journals some of which were re-issued as pamphlets. Some of the catalogues of stars and other work done under his supervision at the observatory were published, but at the time of his death much remained in manuscript. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, London, in 1873, and was created C.M.G. in 1889. He was married twice, to two sisters, daughters of Dr John Shields. He left a widow and a daughter. Ellery was awarded the Clarke Medal by the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1889. Mount Ellery in Antarctica was named after him in 1886. References Bibliography S. C. B. Gascoigne, 'Ellery, Robert Lewis John (1827 - 1908)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 4, MUP, 1972, pp 135–137. Retrieved 12 October 2008 1827 births 1908 deaths Australian astronomers Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George Australian people of English descent People from Cranleigh Fellows of the Royal Society 19th-century Australian public servants "
":This article deals with Fort Ward, Florida, in the United States. For other Fort Wards, see: Fort Ward (disambiguation). Location of Fort Ward. Fort Ward was a Confederate States of America fort located in Wakulla County, Florida, at the confluence of the Wakulla River and St. Marks River and named after Colonel George T. Ward, owner of Southwood Plantation, Waverly Plantation, and Clifford Place Plantation south of Tallahassee. During the American Civil War, Confederate troops placed a battery of cannons at Fort Ward. History The site on which Fort Ward stands was originally a camp site of Spanish explorer Pánfilo de Narváez, in 1528, when he ventured north from Tampa. Narváez saw that the area was advantageous in a geographic sense. In 1539, Hernando de Soto followed with his men. By 1679, the Spanish governor of Florida started construction on the first fort (named Fort San Marcos de Apalache)Morris, Allen and Joan Perry Morris, compilers. The Florida Handbook 2007–2008 31st Biennial Edition. Page 444. Peninsula Publishing. Tallahassee. 2007. Softcover Hardcover using logs coated with lime to give the look of stone. The fort stood, until 1681, then was burned and looted by pirates. In 1719, Spanish Captain Jose Primo de Ribera arrived to construct a second wooden fort. The fort was called San Marcos de Apalache. The wood for construction was cut at Mission San Luis de Apalachee to the north. As a stone fort, its construction began in 1739. The old moat at Fort Ward. The fort was turned over to the English in 1763, half complete, as a result of the Seven Years' War. Spain regained control and ownership, by 1787, reoccupying it for 13 more years. In 1800, a former British officer named William Augustus Bowles attempted to unify and lead 400 Creek Indians against the Spanish, eventually capturing San Marcos. A Spanish flotilla arrived some five weeks later and re-assumed control of the fort. In 1818, General Andrew Jackson invaded the territory and took San Marcos after raids originating in Spanish Florida had a deep impact in Georgia. Two captured British citizens, Robert Christy Ambrister and Alexander George Arbuthnot, were tried and found guilty of inciting Indian raids and executed, causing a diplomatic nightmare between the United States and England. In 1821, Florida became the property of the United States and the fort was occupied by U.S. troops. In 1824, the fort was abandoned by the U.S. and turned over to the Territory of Florida. By 1839, the fort was returned to the U.S. and a federal marine hospital was built there 18 years later, using stones from the Spanish fort. The hospital provided care for victims of yellow fever. In 1861, the final conflict took place at San Marcos when the Confederates took the fort and renamed it Fort Ward. From 1861–1865, a Union squadron blockaded the mouth of the St. Marks River. The Battle of Natural Bridge eventually stopped the Union force that intended to take Fort Ward. External links *USF library *San Marcos site *Fort Ward at Photos at CivilWarAlbum.com *San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park website Source in print Ward Florida in the American Civil War Ward "