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"The Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS) is a nonprofit educational and cultural institution dedicated to preserving the history of the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was founded by the territorial legislature in 1849, almost a decade before statehood. The Society is named in the Minnesota Constitution. It is headquartered in the Minnesota History Center in downtown Saint Paul. Although its focus is on Minnesota history it is not constrained by it. Its work on the North American fur trade has been recognized in Canada as well."The story of the Canadian fur trade owes a great debt . . . for research and general popularization, to the Minnesota Historical Society." MNHS holds a collection of nearly 550,000 books, 37,000 maps, 250,000 photographs, 225,000 historical artifacts, 950,000 archaeological items, of manuscripts, of government records, 5,500 paintings, prints and drawings; and 1,300 moving image items. MNopedia: The Minnesota Encyclopedia, is since 2011 an online "resource for reliable information about significant people, places, events, and things in Minnesota history", that is funded through a Legacy Amendment Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund grant and administered by the Minnesota Historical Society. The Minnesota Historical Society Press (MNHS Press) publishes books on the history and culture of Minnesota and the Upper Midwest with the goal of advancing research, supporting education, and sharing diverse perspectives on Minnesota history. MNHS Press is the oldest publishing company in the state of Minnesota and the largest historical society press in the nation, with more than 500 books in print. MNHS Press also produces the quarterly magazine, Minnesota History (journal). State historic sites The Minnesota Historical Society operates 31 historic sites and museums, 26 of which are open to the public. MNHS manages 14 sites directly and 10 in partnerships where the society maintains the resources and provides funding. Five sites are being held for preservation but are closed to public access, and two are self-guided sites with interpretive signage. Seven of the sites are National Historic Landmarks and 16 others are on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Seven sites lie within Minnesota state parks, and three are elements of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. {class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" ! width="*" Site name ! width="*" class="unsortable"Image ! width="*" Location ! width="*" Era of features ! width="*" Year added to MNHS ! width="*" Management ! width="*" class="unsortable"Remarks -- Alexander Ramsey House 100px St. Paul 1872–1964 1964 Direct Home of Minnesota governor and U.S. Congressman Alexander Ramsey with original furnishings. NRHP -- Birch Coulee Battlefield 100px Morton Self-guided Site of the Battle of Birch Coulee, the deadliest battle for U.S. troops in the Dakota War of 1862. NRHP. -- Charles Lindbergh House and Museum 100px Charles A. Lindbergh State Park 1906–1920 Direct House of U.S. Congressman Charles August Lindbergh and his son, aviator Charles Lindbergh. National Historic Landmark -- Comstock House 100px Moorhead 1882 Partnership Restored home of U.S. Congressman and businessman Solomon Comstock with its original furnishings. NRHP -- Folsom House 100px Taylors Falls 1854–1968 1968 Partnership Restored home of businessman, politician, and historian W.H.C. Folsom with its original furnishings. NRHP contributing property -- Forest History Center 100px Grand Rapids 1900–1934 Direct Recreated logging camp and exhibits on humankind's relationship with Minnesota's forests. -- Fort Renville 100px Lac qui Parle State Park 1822–1846 1973 Preservation Location of a fur trading post established by Joseph Renville. -- Fort Ridgely 100px Fort Ridgely State Park 1853–1867 Partnership Fort built to keep the peace around a Dakota reservation, but attacked twice during the Dakota War of 1862. NRHP -- Grand Mound 100px International Falls 1971 Preservation Five burial mounds include the largest prehistoric structure remaining in the Upper Midwest, high and in diameter. National Historic Landmark -- Harkin Store 100px New Ulm 1870–1901 1973 Partnership General store first built in the 1870s with much of the original inventory still on display. NRHP -- Historic Forestville 75px Forestville Mystery Cave State Park 1853–1899 1978 Direct The remains of the once-bustling 19th century town of Forestville, which became a ghost town after the railroad passed it by. NRHP -- Historic Fort Snelling 100px Fort Snelling State Park 1820–1946 Direct Portions of the fort have been restored to their original frontier appearance, while later additions served as barracks for soldiers training during World War II. A National Historic Landmark and part of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. -- James J. Hill House 100px St. Paul 1891–1921 1978 Direct Mansion of railroad magnate James J. Hill. National Historic Landmark -- Jeffers Petroglyphs 100px Jeffers 1966 Direct Exposed rocks bear ancient Native American petroglyphs. NRHP -- Lac qui Parle Mission 100px Montevideo 1835–1854 1973 Partnership Reconstructed wooden church where missionaries worked to convert the Dakota. NRHP -- Lower Sioux Agency 100px Lower Sioux Indian Reservation 1853– Partnership Museum depicting the lives of Dakota people before and after the Dakota War of 1862. NRHP -- Marine Mill 80px Marine on St. Croix 1839–1895 Partnership Ruins of Minnesota's first commercial sawmill. NRHP -- Mill City Museum 100px Minneapolis 1874–1965 Direct Museum of the flour milling industry that built Minneapolis, within the ruins of the Washburn "A" Mill, a National Historic Landmark. Part of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. -- Mille Lacs Indian Museum 100px Mille Lacs Indian Reservation Direct Museum of the history and culture of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe. -- Minnehaha Depot 100px Minneapolis 1875–1963 1964 Partnership Former train station near Minnehaha Falls with "gingerbread" Victorian architecture. Operated by the Minnesota Transportation Museum. -- Minnesota History Center 75px St. Paul Direct Minnesota Historical Society's headquarters, with permanent exhibits about Minnesota, changing exhibits about national history, and a library. -- Minnesota State Capitol 100px St. Paul 1905–present 1969 Direct Tours and exhibits of the state's seat of government. NRHP -- Morrison Mounds Battle Lake 1968 Preservation Includes the oldest burial mound in Minnesota. NRHP -- Oliver Kelley Farm 100px Elk River 1850–1901 1961 Direct Frontier farmstead of Oliver Hudson Kelley, one of the founders of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. National Historic Landmark -- Sibley Historic Site 100px Mendota 1838–1910 Partnership Homes of Henry Hastings Sibley, Minnesota's first state governor, and fur trader Jean-Baptiste Faribault. NRHP and part of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. -- Snake River Fur Post 100px Pine City 1804 Direct Recreated North West Company trading post and Ojibwe encampment. NRHP -- Split Rock Lighthouse 75px Split Rock Lighthouse State Park 1910–1969 1976 Direct Clifftop lighthouse on Lake Superior restored to its 1920s appearance. National Historic Landmark -- Stumne Mounds Pine City 1968 Preservation Group of linear burial mounds near the Snake River. NRHP -- Traverse des Sioux 100px St. Peter 1981 Self-guiding Site of a river ford, the signing of the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux, and a former town. NRHP -- Upper Sioux Agency 100px Upper Sioux Agency State Park 1854–1862 1969 Preservation Location of a federal agency established to convert Dakotas to a Euro-American farming lifestyle, but destroyed in the Dakota War of 1862. NRHP -- W.W. Mayo House 100px Le Sueur 1859– Partnership Home built by William Worrall Mayo, founder of the Mayo Clinic, and later home of Carson Nesbit Cosgrove, founder of the Green Giant food company. NRHP } Document depositories * These publications are described in more detail in an online format (without the downloadable document formats available above), at the MHC's own Digital History Books page (Retrieved November 24, 2012) References External links *Minnesota Historical Society *Placeography – wiki operated by the Minnesota Historical Society State historical societies of the United States 1849 establishments in Minnesota Territory Historical societies in Minnesota Museum organizations State archives of the United States "
"William Clarke Hinkle (April 10, 1909 – November 9, 1988) was an American football player. He played on offense as a fullback, defense as a linebacker, and special teams as a kicker and punter. He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame as part of its second class of inductees in 1964. Known as one of the toughest players in the era of iron man football, Hinkle played for the Green Bay Packers from 1932 to 1941 and held the all-time National Football League (NFL) records for rushing yardage and carries when his playing career ended. He led the NFL in touchdowns (seven) in 1937, in points scored (58) in 1938, and in field goals made and field goal percentage in both 1940 and 1941. He was selected as a first- or second-team All-Pro in each of his 10 NFL seasons and helped lead the Packers to three NFL championship games and NFL championships in 1936 and 1939. His playing career was cut short in 1942 by military service. A native of Toronto, Ohio, Hinkle played college football for Bucknell from 1929 to 1931. He scored 50 points in a single game as a sophomore and led Bucknell to an undefeated season in 1931. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1971. Early years William Clarke Hinkle was born in Toronto, Ohio, located on the Ohio River approximately 40 miles west of Pittsburgh, in 1909. He was the son of Charles Hinkle and Lillian Ault Clark, both Ohio natives. His father was an engineer and later a forger at a steel mill.1920 U.S. Census entry for Charles Hinkle and family. Son William C. age 10 born in Ohio.1930 U.S. Census entry for Charles Hinkle and family. Hinkle attended Toronto High School. College Hinkle played college football for Bucknell University, where he set several records for the Bucknell Bison football team as a fullback playing offense and defense. He scored eight touchdowns and scored 50 points in a game against Dickinson on Thanksgiving Day 1929. He finished the 1929 season with 21 touchdowns and 128 points scored. He had 37 touchdowns over his career at Bucknell from 1929 to 1931. In 1929, he led the East in scoring with 128 points. In 1931, he led the team to a 6–0–3 win-loss record. Hinkle's coach at Bucknell, Carl Snavely, called him: "Without a doubt, the greatest defensive back I have ever seen or coached." Hinkle played for the East team in the East-West Shrine Game in San Francisco on New Year's Day 1932. He was the leading ground gainer in the game, and a United Press correspondent wrote: "If there was a single star in the long drawn battle of line plunges and punting it was Clark [sic] Hinkle of Bucknell whose stabs through tackle were a revelation in driving power." While at Bucknell University he became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.https://nicfraternity.org/wp- content/uploads/2018/06/fraternity_men_in_nfl_hall_of_fame-updated-6-18.pdf Professional football In January 1932, after watching Hinkle play in the Shrine Game, Curly Lambeau signed Hinkle to play professional football for the Green Bay Packers. At the time, the Packers were the best team in the NFL, having won three consecutive NFL championships from 1929 to 1931. Hinkle played for the Packers for his entire ten-year NFL career, was selected as a first- or second-team All-Pro every year, and helped lead the Packers to NFL championships in 1936 and 1939. As a rookie in 1932, Hinkle appeared in 13 games and led the Packers with 331 rushing yards on 95 carries. He quickly developed a reputation not only for his two-way play on both offense and defense, but also as the best punter in the NFL. The 1932 Packers finished second in the NFL with a 10–3–1 record, and Hinkle was selected as a first- team All-Pro in 1932 by Collyer's Eye magazine and as the second-team fullback (behind Bronko Nagurski) on the United Press (UP) and NFL All-Pro teams. He was hailed by Curly Lambeau at the end of the 1932 season as a second Jim Thorpe, and by some critics as "the greatest football player in the world today." After spending the off-season working for a steel construction firm in his home town of Toronto, Ohio, Hinkle returned to Green Bay in September 1933. In his second NFL season, Hinkle again led the team with 413 rushing yards, but the Packers' record fell to 5–7–1, the only losing season suffered by the Packers in their first 25 years in the NFL. Despite the team's poor showing, Hinkle was selected as a second-team All-Pro by the UP, Chicago Daily News, and Green Bay Press-Gazette. Hinkle presented a rare combination of power, speed, and accurate kicking. In 1937, he led the NFL with seven touchdowns and ranked second with 552 rushing yards. In 1938, he led the NFL in scoring with 58 points scored on seven touchdowns, seven extra points, and three field goals. He led the NFL in field goals and field goal percentage in both 1940 and 1941. He also continued to excel as a punter, ranking second in the NFL in punting yards in 1939 and averaging 44.5 yards per punt in 1941. Hinkle's playing career was cut short after the 1941 season by wartime military service. He began his NFL career in 1932 at a salary of $5,000 and had his salary cut during the Great Depression, then restored to $5,000 in the late 1930s. He held out for and received $10,000 in his final season. He finished his career with 3,860 rushing yards, 537 receiving yards, 316 passing yards, and 379 points scored on 44 touchdowns, 28 field goals, and 31 extra points. Reputation for toughness Hinkle loved the intense physicality of football. According to one account, "Clark Hinkle loved contact. It didn't matter which side of the ball he was coming from, Hinkle loved delivering blows." Ken Strong, another Hall of Fame back of the era, remembered the force of Hinkle's tackles: "When he hit you, you knew you were hit. Bells rang and you felt it all the way to your toes." Another back, Johnny Sisk, said: "No one in the whole league ever bruised me more than Hinkle did. . . . Hinkle had a lot of leg action. I broke my shoulder twice tackling Mr. Hinkle." Hinkle's competition with Chicago Bears fullback Bronko Nagurski were especially memorable. Hinkle was the only player to knock Nagurski out of a game, and according to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, Hinkle's "creed was 'get to the Bronk before he gets to me.'" Hinkle cited a 1934 collision with Nagurski as his greatest day in football. He recalled: "I was carrying the ball and Nagurski charged in to make the tackle. WHAM! We banged into each other. Nagurski had to be removed from the game with a broken nose and two closed eyes. Strangely enough, I suffered no ill effects and was able to continue playing." Nagurski later called Hinkle the "toughest man I ever played against." In the book, "Pain Gang: Pro Football's Fifty Toughest Players", Neil Reynolds included both Hinkle and Nagurski on his list of the toughest players in the history of the game.Reynolds, Pain Gang, p. 65. Hinkle's toughness remained to the end. On November 2, 1941, in his final game against the Chicago Bears, Hinkle had his leg torn open by an opponent's spike but returned late in the game to kick a game-winning field goal from the 44-yard line. Honors and records When Hinkle's playing career ended, he held NFL career records with 3,860 rushing yards and 1,171 carries. He surpassed the old record of 3,511 rushing yards held by Cliff Battles. Hinkle's rushing yardage record stood until 1949 when it was broken by Steve Van Buren. Hinkle received multiple honors and awards arising out of his accomplishments as a football player, including the following: * In 1950, he was one of the 25 inaugural inductees into the Helms Athletic Foundation's professional football hall of fame. * In 1957, he was selected as the fullback on the All-Time Packer Team. * In 1964, he was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame as part of its second induction class. * In 1969, he was named to the NFL 1930s All-Decade Team. * In 1971, he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. * In 1972, he was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame. * In 1979, he was inducted into the Bucknell Hall of Fame. * In 1985, Toronto High School named its "Clarke Hinkle Stadium" in his honor. * In 1994, he was named to the NFL's 75th Anniversary All-Time Two Way Team.2001 NFL Record and Fact Book, Edited by Randall Liu, p. 402, Workman Publishing, 2001, * In 1997, the Packers' west practice field across Oneida Street from Lambeau Field was dedicated as "Clarke Hinkle Field". Family, military service, and later years Hinkle's older brother Gordie Hinkle played minor league baseball as a catcher from 1930 to 1941 and for the Boston Red Sox in 1934. In December 1936, Hinkle was married in New York to Emilie Cobden. His marriage ended immediately after World War II owing to difficulty readjusting to civilian life, causing Hinkle to, in his own words "get off the beam a little bit" and go "a little haywire."Quoted in Myron Cope, The Game That Was. New York: World Publishing Co., 1970; pg. 97. After his divorce, Hinkle married again, but the union lasted only 33 days. In May 1942, following the United States entry into World War II, Hinkle enlisted in the United States Coast Guard and received the rank of lieutenant. In the fall of 1942, he served as an assistant football coach at the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut. He also played five games for New London's professional Electric Boat Diesel football team. He later served on convoy duty in the North African Campaign and as an air-sea rescuer off Newfoundland. Hinkle was discharged from the Coast Guard in 1946 and began working for Kimberly-Clark in Neenah, Wisconsin. He later lived in Steubenville, Ohio, working as a sales representative for an industrial supply company. He also worked in the late 1960s as a sports desk anchor for an Ohio television station. He died in Steubenville in 1988 at age 79 following a long illness. He was buried at Toronto Union Cemetery in Toronto, Ohio. Footnotes Further reading * Myron Cope, The Game That Was: The Early Days of Pro Football. New York: World Publishing Co., 1970. —Extensive interview, chapter 7. External links * Pro Football Hall of Fame: Member profile * 1909 births 1988 deaths American football fullbacks Bucknell Bison football players Green Bay Packers players College Football Hall of Fame inductees Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees People from Toronto, Ohio Players of American football from Ohio "
"The Leisure Hive is the first serial of the 18th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 30 August to 20 September 1980. It marks the return of John Leeson as the voice of K9. In the serial, a criminal organisation of alien Foamasi called the West Lodge attempt to buy the planet Argolis from the Argolin people there as a West Lodge base. Meanwhile, the young Argolin Pangol (David Haig) seeks to start a war against the Foamasi his people had previously lost to with an army made up of clones of himself. Plot The Fourth Doctor and Romana's holiday in Brighton ends abruptly when K9 chases a ball and takes in seawater and explodes. They instead venture to the Leisure Hive of Argolis, a holiday complex and message of peace built by surviving Argolins after their devastating 20-minute war with the Foamasi forty years earlier. They arrive at a point of crisis: the Leisure Hive is facing bankruptcy (because of falling tourist trade due to stiff competition from other leisure planets) and the Argolins' Earth agent, Brock, and his lawyer Klout have arrived bearing an offer to buy the planet outright. However, the offer is from the Foamasi, the only species that could live on the planet's radiation-infused surface, and the Argolin board will not consider it. The shock of events causes Board Chairman Morix's rapid death – from the Argolin war curse of advanced cellular degradation – and his consort Mena is declared the new Chairman. The Doctor is intrigued by the manipulation of tachyons in the Hive’s Tachyon Recreation Generator, which is the main tourist attraction and can duplicate and manipulate organic matter. He witnesses a human tourist being killed after it is sabotaged in the latest of a series of acts of deliberate damage. No sooner has Mena returned to Argolis than her own body clock begins to speed up, a side-effect of the radiation-heavy atmosphere. Earth scientist Hardin has been brought to Argolis to help her and her people by using time experiments to rejuvenate a people rendered sterile by the war. Recognising their value as scientists, Mena, instead of confining them, engages the Doctor and Romana to help Hardin with his work. The time travellers know Hardin has been faking his work, but Romana feels that the experiments should have worked. After discovering a skin of Klout in a wardrobe, Stimson, Hardin's financier, who travelled with him and persuaded him to fake the demonstrations, is brutally murdered and the Doctor is blamed. He is put on trial while Romana and Hardin perfect the time experiments. Just in time, they succeed and are able to bargain for the Doctor's freedom. However, after they leave, the hourglass of their experiment shatters. Due to her worsening condition, Mena volunteers to be the first guinea pig to test the time experiment, but the Doctor is selected instead. The machine malfunctions while he is inside and he emerges – having aged 500 hundred years – an old man with flowing white hair. Mena's son, Pangol, the most warlike and vindictive of the Argolins, orders that the Doctor and Romana be confined. Hardin later frees them, which is when the slower-witted Doctor notices something odd about the name Recreation Chamber. Romana sees it too, eventually: recreation is re-creation, the repeated creation of things or people. Sneaking back to the Recreation Room, the trio discover a group of Argolins, led by Pangol, performing dangerous experiments in order to perfect a secret project, under the guise of entertainment. Meanwhile, Brock and Klout bring a new offer from a mysterious organisation called West Lodge. It is then, while tearing up the offer, that Pangol reveals the secret of his past and the reason he is the only young Argolin in the Hive. He was the only successful, undeformed child from a cloning experiment meant to save the Argolin using the Recreation Generator. But, driven insane by hatred of the Foamasi and a xenophobic fear of all aliens, he lusts for a war-forged empire like that of their ancestor Theron (who started the war and doomed the Argolins to extinction). He needs an alien witness to his taking Mena's place after her death, and to the beginning of "New Argolis". The Doctor, Romana and Hardin find Foamasi agents in the Hive and escort them to the council chamber, where the agents reveal Brock and Klout to be Foamasi impersonators. The lead agent reveals West Lodge to be a criminal group who need Argolis as a base of operations. With the leader, Brock, captured, the organisation is doomed to fold and the Foamasi prepare to take the rogues for trial. Pangol refuses to let them pass, and takes up the Helmet of Theron (a sacred symbol for Argolins and a reminder to espouse peace and understanding) and rallies the Argolins to his cause. The Doctor, seeing what he is up to, takes the Randomiser from the TARDIS and attaches it to the Recreation Chamber, hoping to destabilise the mechanism. Romana tries to dissuade Pangol from using the Generator, but fails. The Foamasi shuttle tries to leave and is destroyed by Pangol, who dons the Helmet of Theron and uses the Generator to create an army of Tachyon replicas, in order to rebuild the Argolin race. He orders that Romana be put outside, while Hardin finds Mena dying and carries her to the Generator room. As Romana is taken, the clones are revealed to be merely tachyon images of a rejuvenated Doctor built up in a FIFO stack; first in, first out. She and the first Doctor to emerge (the real one) return to the Generator Room, where Hardin has put Mena into the Recreation Generator. Pangol, enraged that the Doctor has foiled his attempt to create an army, reenters the Generator, which closes behind him. The Doctor reveals that he set the machine to "rejuvenate", and it cannot be stopped. Pangol and Mena seem to be merging, so the Doctor grabs the Helmet of Theron and throws it into the visualising crystal, stopping the mechanism. Mena exits rejuvenated, holding Pangol, who has regressed to a baby. The Foamasi agents reappear, revealing that the West Lodge criminals tried to escape in the shuttle (so, in the words of the Doctor "Brock and Klout are kaput"). Against Romana's advice, the Doctor leaves the Argolins and Foamasi to make up and the Randomiser attached to the Recreation Generator (thus leaving the TARDIS vulnerable to the Black Guardian). Production Working titles for this story included The Argolins and Avalon. Writer David Fisher conceived of the Foamasi as a race of organised criminals. "Foamasi" is a near-anagram of "mafioso". The episode was written as a satire of the decline of tourism in the United Kingdom in the 1970s. The alien costume used for the Foamasi was later reused in the 1981 BBC The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy as the leader of the G'Gugvuntt. A new TARDIS prop is introduced in this episode which replaces the one used since The Masque of Mandragora (1976). This prop would be used right until the end of the original series' production in 1989. The Randomiser, which had been introduced in The Armageddon Factor was ditched in Part Four of this story. This was also the first story to use the Quantel DPE 5000 digital image processing system. Filming on the story ran badly over budget. The opening sequence on Brighton beach is John Nathan-Turner's paean to Visconti's celebrated 1971 feature film "Death in Venice". =Format changes= This was the first Doctor Who story which John Nathan-Turner produced. Nathan-Turner was keen to get away from what he considered the excessive silliness of recent Doctor Who stories, and wanted to increase the series' production values, because he felt that they were poor when compared with glossy American science-fiction series. Among the changes Nathan-Turner instituted was the scaling back of K9's appearances (the unit is out of commission for most of this serial), eventually writing the character out in Warriors' Gate. Nathan-Turner would produce Doctor Who until 1989. In a further attempt to update the image of the series, the original 1963 Delia Derbyshire arrangement of the theme music was replaced by a more contemporary-sounding arrangement by Peter Howell, and a new, '80s-styled neon tubing logo (which was en-vogue at the time) designed by Sid Sutton replaced the diamond logo most associated with the Fourth Doctor. The updated title sequence is most associated with the Fifth Doctor. Tom Baker, Lalla Ward, Barry Letts and Christopher H. Bidmead all protested about John Nathan- Turner's decision to add question-marks to Baker's shirts, arguing that it was gimmicky. Baker in particular was unhappy with it and told Nathan-Turner that it was "annoying, absurd and ridiculous", while Bidmead later called it "a silly, quite absurd gimmick really". Bidmead, who found working with Tom Baker "difficult to say the very least", supposedly told Baker and Nathan-Turner during recording of The Leisure Hive that exclamation marks would have been more appropriate for Baker's shirts. The Seventh Doctor Sylvester McCoy would later protest his question-mark adorned jumper in similar terms, but the question-mark motif would remain until the end of the classic series in 1989. Baker also disliked his new scarf, requesting that his old multi-coloured one be re-instated, but expressed gratitude to costume designer June Hudson for refusing to adhere to Nathan-Turner's demands to ditch the trademark scarf altogether and managing to find a compromise. The show's stars took exception to many of John Nathan-Turner's other changes as well, with Tom Baker and Lalla Ward criticising the change in theme music and opening titles. Baker also criticised the new synthesised incidental music, comparing it unfavourably with Dudley Simpson's earlier scores. Ward later complained that Nathan-Turner had "removed all the lovely humour", while Baker said that he wanted the scripts to improve and regain some of the quality of those of the Philip Hinchcliffe era, as he felt that the quality of the scripts and storylines had declined under Graham Williams. He later said that he felt such improvements did not by and large occur, and that most of Nathan-Turner's changes were either cosmetic or misguided. Many of the new special effects introduced in this story were never used again to the extent on display here. =Cast notes= Laurence Payne had previously played Johnny Ringo in The Gunfighters (1966) and later played Dastari in The Two Doctors (1985). Commercial releases =In print= A novelisation of this serial, written by David Fisher, was published by Target Books in July 1982. The novelisation retains many elements of the original script that was intended as a spoof on the Mafia. The original name of Argolis is given as Xbrrrm. =Home media= The Leisure Hive was released on VHS in January 1997, on DVD in July 2004, and as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files (issue 98) in October 2012. Peter Howell's incidental music for the serial was released as part of the compilation album Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Volume 3: The Leisure Hive in 2002. References External links * *"Leisure Hive" Doctor Who forum =Target novelisation= * Doctor Who serials novelised by David Fisher Fourth Doctor serials 1980 British television episodes Television shows set in Brighton "