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"Archibald S. Dobbins (1836 - circa 1869) was a Confederate cavalry commander in the American Civil War. Early life Archibald Stephenson Dobbins was the son of David and Catherine Dobbins and was born on his father's farm known as Sandy Hook near Mount Pleasant, Tennessee. Shortly after his marriage to Mary Patience Dawson, also of Mount Pleasant, he moved to Arkansas, acquiring land called Horse Shoe Island Plantation, near Helena.Garrett Civil War In 1862 Phillips County, Arkansas, was occupied by Federal troops. Dobbins sent his family to Tennessee and joined a Confederate regiment commanded by Thomas C. Hindman. When Hindman was appointed to take over the military command of Arkansas, he brought Dobbins with him to Little Rock as a colonel on his general staff. Following his service on Hindman's staff, Dobbins was given command of a brigade of cavalry that became known as “Dobbins Cavalry” or more formally the 1st Arkansas Cavalry. Dobbins returned with his cavalry to Phillips County which became his base of operations. Dobbins Cavalry is difficult to research because not only was it a loosely organized regiment, but most of the typical paperwork generated by a regiment in the field is missing from the record. Only a handful of muster rolls, and almost no quartermaster or commissary reports, are known to exist.Howerton Dobbins brigade was assigned to a division commanded by Gen. Lucius M. Walker and fought in major engagements, raids, and skirmishes throughout eastern and northeastern Arkansas. After Walker was killed in a duel with fellow general John S. Marmaduke, Dobbins assumed command of Walker's division. When Marmaduke became Dobbins superior, Dobbins refused to serve under him in protest of the killing of Walker. Marmaduke ordered Dobbins arrest and court martial. On November 23, 1863, it was announced that Dobbins had been dismissed from the army. Despite the verdict, Dobbins never officially surrendered his command and continued to operate his brigade out of the Helena area. 1864 dispatches from Confederate Gen. Joe Shelby to his commanders in northeast Arkansas included Col. Dobbins. As the war was nearing the end, Dobbins was promoted to general on the field, but this promotion was never entered in the official records, due in part to the turmoil of the confederate army and government in its last days.Garrett Dobbin's Cavalry surrendered and was paroled at Wittsburg, Arkansas, on May 25, 1865. Dobbins himself fled to Texas where he planned to cross into Mexico and send his slaves to Cuba. Dobbins did not reach his slaves or Mexico and signed his parole at Galveston on July 13, 1865. Death In 1866 Dobbins was partner in a merchant house in New Orleans. In 1867 Dobbins, resenting being under Yankee rule, left the United States and started a plantation 30 miles from Santarém, Brazil. In one of his letters to his family Dobbins mentioned that he was only about six miles from an American colony in Brazil. This may have been the Lost Colony of the Confederacy. In 1869 Dobbins wrote for his wife to join him in Brazil but as she made plans to travel to South America, the letters stopped coming. Dobbins was never heard from again. Years later it was reported that the general had been killed in an Indian uprising which swept the area of his plantation in about 1869.Garrett However, a report in the Chicago Tribune, Jan. 13, 1881 suggests that he was living in Argentina at the time. A Confederate style VA headstone stands as a cenotaph to Archibald Dobbins in Confederate Cemetery in Helena, Arkansas. Notes References *Action at Wallace’s Ferry The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture * Allardice, Bruce S., More Generals in Grey, Louisiana State University Press, 1995, . *Garrett, Jill Maury County General Buried in Brazil *Howerton, Bryan R. Two Ashley brothers in Dobbins 1st Ark. Cav. Accessed 2 December 2011 *Records of Confederate Soldiers who served in organizations from the State of Arkansas, National Archives Microcopy No. 317. Category:1836 births Category:1860s deaths Category:People of Arkansas in the American Civil War Category:Confederate States Army officers Category:People from Mount Pleasant, Tennessee "
"Alexandre Chemetoff, 2010. Alexandre Chemetoff (born 1950) is a French architect, urban planner and landscape artist. In 2000, he was awarded the Grand Prix de l'urbanisme. His approach to project development is to visit the site, walk it, and then connect it with other experiences. Early years Chemetoff is the son of Paul Chemetov, winner of the Grand prix national de l'architecture. Born in Paris, he graduated from the L'École Nationale Supérieure d'Horticulture in Versailles. He states his career inspirations came from visits to his father's building sites, and meeting Michel Corajoud, a contemporary French landscape architect. Career Chemetoff's practice is characterized as being open and free, refusing limits and boundaries between disciplines. His considers his practice of the profession as a commitment in the world. In 1983, he founded the Bureau of Landscapes, an organization consisting of architects, landscape architects and urban planners. He established Alexander Chemetoff & Associates in 2002, which directs, coordinates and leads the activities of various offices the includes forty people in Gentilly, Nantes, and Nancy. He runs the business with his two partners, Hanaïzi Malika (Trustee) and Patrick Henry (architect). His projects are coordinated with a multidisciplinary approach, combining architecture, construction, urban planning, landscape and public spaces. They include urban projects such as the creation of the city center of Boulogne-Billancourt (1996–2001), the metamorphosis of the island of Nantes (2000–2010), the plateau in Nancy (2004), and the Plaine Achille in Saint-Étienne (2009). Some of his commercial projects are the Two Banks of Nancy (2002–2008), a residential block in Paris at the corner of Rue Bichat and the Rue du Temple (2009), a garden city, La Rivière, in Blanquefort (2006), library at Vauhallan (2000–2002), a sports stadium in La Courneuve (2004–2006), and the commercial center of the Champ de March in Angoulême (2003–2007). His parks and public development can be found at Meurthe in Nancy (1989) and the Paul Mistral Park in Grenoble (2004–2008). Chemetoff received international notice for his parks in Villejuif, and in Paris, "Jardin de Bambou" (Bamboo Garden) at the Parc de la Villette. References External links * Alexandre Chemetoff at Arch Guide * Alexandre Chemetoff at Worldcat Category:1950 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century French architects Category:21st-century French architects Category:French urban planners Category:French landscape architects Category:Architects from Paris "
"Olenegorsk Radar Station (also described as Olenegorsk-1 () or Murmansk) is the site of a Soviet and Russian early warning radar. It is located near Olenegorsk on the Kola Peninsula, north of the Arctic Circle in north west Russia. It is considered to be a key part of the Russian early warning system against ballistic missile attack, and provides coverage of ballistic missile launches in the Norwegian Sea and North Sea. The station is operated by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces. The military town for the station is called Olenegorsk-1 and is at the village of Protoki (). The station is east of Olenya airbase and east of Olenegorsk. to the south east there was a military tropospheric scatter radio relay station. Radar Olenegorsk was the site of one of the first two early warning radars in the Soviet Union, the other being at Skrunda-1. The Dnestr-M radar (NATO codename: "Hen House") was started in 1963 and completed in 1969, entering service in 1971. A Daugava radar (NATO codename:"Pechora") was later built next to it. This is a prototype Daryal receiver, a phased array receiver which worked with the Dnestr acting as a transmitter. The Daugava, which is still operational, was implemented in Olenegorsk to minimise interference caused by the Northern Lights. Voronezh It is planned to replace the Dnestr-M/Daugava radars at Olenegorsk with the new generation of Russian early warning radar systems, the Voronezh radar. According to news reports a new Voronezh radar will start construction in 2017, replacing both existing radars. References External links *Photo of the radars – Daugava left, Dnepr right Category:Russian Space Forces Category:Russian and Soviet military radars Category:Military installations of Russia Category:Military installations of the Soviet Union Category:Murmansk Oblast "