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"NETD, NetD or netd can refer to: * Negative electron-transfer dissociation * Noise equivalent temperature difference * NetDetector from Niksun * Network device (NetD) * netd.com a VOD service in Turkey by Doğan Media Group "
"Hakob Melik Hakobian ( (classical); 1835 – 1888), better known by his pen name Raffi (; ), was an Armenian author and leading figure in 19th-century Armenian literature.Deirdre Holding Armenia: with Nagorno Karabagh 2014 1841625558 Page 51 "Further impetus to the quest for Armenian identity was given in the novels of the other great 19th-century Armenian novelist, Raffi (pen name of Hakop Melik-Hakopian) (1835–88). " Biography Monument to Raffi in Yerevan Raffi was the eldest son in a family of hereditary Armenian gentry and was born in 1835 in Payajuk, a village of northwestern Iran. His father was a wealthy farmer, merchant and the highest civil authority of the village. Thus, Raffi’s economic background and special status within the family eventually made it possible for him to acquire a privileged education, one in which he was exposed to the full spectrum of classical, Russian and Western European masterpieces of literature. His education began in the home of the village priest, Father Mser. There, in a small room adjacent to the barn, boys of all ages and levels of learning were taught under pressure of corporal punishment for failing in their lessons. In his novel called Kaytser ("Sparks"), Raffi gives a vivid description of these punishments and denounces them. At the age of 12 his father sent him to Tiflis [Tbilisi], at that time a major center of Armenian intellectual life, to continue his secondary education at a boarding school run by a distinguished Armenian teacher. Raffi was on the verge of beginning his studies at a Russian university when he had to return home to help his ailing father with the family business. This was the end of his formal education. He subsequently took teaching posts in Armenian language and history at the Armenian schools in Tabriz, Akoulis and Tiflis. Throughout his life, Raffi made many trips to the villages and provinces of Eastern and Western Armenia. Wherever he visited, he became aware of the daily misery experienced by the unarmed Armenian population, who lived in constant terror of the Turks and Kurds. Raffi, like other Armenian intellectuals, was convinced that it was not viable to continue living thus. He would thereafter seek to deeply transform Armenian society. In order to do so, it was necessary for him to make the people themselves aware of the tragic reality in which they lived. Raffi was a prolific writer. His works were published in the newspapers Mshak and Ardzakank. "The Fool", his most popular work, appeared first in serialized form in the pages of Mshak [Tiflis] between 26 February and 4 June 1880. It first appeared as a book the following year. "Mshak" ("The Tiller") was founded as a weekly in 1872 by Grigor Artsruni. It played an important role in awakening the Armenian people from the lethargy that had overcome the majority of them since the loss of Armenian independence at the end of the 14th century. Raffi’s patriotic writings were read by virtually all Armenian youth of the time and of subsequent generations. In his novels, Raffi depicted characters of national heroes and Armenian revolutionaries. In fact, there is a well-known Armenian phrase that goes: "there are no Armenian freedom fighters (Feddayines) that have not read Raffi". Tombstone of Raffi at the Armenian Pantheon of Tbilisi Raffi considered that teaching the population the Armenian language was a fundamental and vital measure, but he felt they were bereft of a secular literature attractive enough to help realize that goal.Tajkahayk (The Armenian Question) by Raffi, p. 4, Taderon Press (Gomidas Institute), London It was to fill that void that he set out from 1874 to 1888 to create a complete and varied body of fiction. It was through these works that generations of Armenians learned to read Armenian, became acquainted with their history, and acquired the critical standards by which they could assess their lives and society. From 1880–1888, Raffi lived at present day Chonkhadze Str. 3, in the Sololaki area of Tbilisi, Georgia. Raffi died in 1888 in Tiflis, and his funeral attracted an unprecedented crowd. He was buried in the Pantheon of Armenians at the Khodjivank cemetery in Tbilisi, where Hovhannes Tumanyan, Gabriel Sundukian, Ghazaros Aghayan and Grigor Artsruni were also buried. Raffi's widow Anna died in London in June 1920.The Times, 21 June 1920, p. 18. Presently, there is a school as well as a street named after Raffi in Yerevan, Armenia. His works have been translated into several languages. Bibliography A selection of his most renowned works: * Salbi (Սալբի, Salpi) (1855–1874, published 1911) * Harem (Հարեմ, Harem) (Publication of first portions 1874–75, of last portion posthumously by his wife) * Jalaleddin (Ջալալեդդին) (1878) * The Fool (Խենթը, Khente) (1880) * Davit Bek (Դավիթ Բեկ) (1880–82) * The Golden Rooster (Ոսկի աքաղաղ, Voski ak’aghagh) (1882) * The Diary of a Cross-Stealer (Khatchakoghí Hishatakaranə) (1882–83) * Sparks Vol.1 (Կայծեր, մաս 1։ Kaytzer Part 1) (1883) Vol.2 (Կայծեր, մաս 2։ Kaytzer Part 2) (1884) * Samuel (Սամվել, Samvel) (1886) * The Five Melikdoms of Karabagh (Խամսայի մելիքություններ Khamsayi Melikoutyunner) (1888) * Memoirs (Հուշագրություններ, Hushagrut’yunner) See also *Grigor Artsruni References External links *A Sketch of Raffi's Life *Raffi at Armeniapedia *Jane S. Wingate's full English translation of Raffi's most famous book, Khent *Raffi's biography and works 1835 births 1888 deaths 19th-century Armenian poets Iranian emigrants to the Russian Empire Imperial Russian Armenians Persian Armenians Iranian poets People from Salmas 19th-century poets Burials at Armenian Pantheon of Tbilisi 19th-century male writers Armenian male poets "
"The Institut Supérieur de Logistique Industrielle (ISLI), or Institute for Supply Chain Excellence as it is called in English, is the Supply Chain Management academic department and research center of KEDGE Business School and located in Talence, France, in the suburb area of Bordeaux. All of its programs are accredited by the Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply. History ISLI was founded in 1984.ISLI website, accessed 17 August 2011 It was created in response to a demand by professional members of ASLOGASLOG website (French Logistics Association) and ELAELALOG (European logistics Association). Programs Depending on the education level of the applicant, ISLI offers three different programs taught either in French or English. *MSc in Global Supply Chain Management - intended for foreign students or French students with at least a Bachelor's degree who whish to take a program taught fully in English *Mastère Spécialisé en Global Supply Chain Management - taught fully in French and intended for French students having completed a Master's degree *Titre Professionnel Niveau I "Manager de la Chaîne Logistique - Supply Chain Manager" - taught fully in French and intended for French students who have completed their first year of Master's or have at least completed a Bachelor's degree Partners ISLI has relationships with numerous multinational corporations as well as all major international professional associations. The Institute's partners are regularly involved in shaping the program's educational orientation and students benefit from these close links through company and factory visits, seminars, conferences and internships.ISLI Professional Partners Brochure The research center maintains a network of academic partners worldwide through its international network dedicated to the exchange of best practices in Supply Chain Management.ISLI Academic Partners Brochure Alumni Since its inception, more than 2,200 students have graduated from ISLI. Each year, ISLI alumni and a network of almost 4,000 Supply Chain Managers relay students' skills and resumes inside their companies throughout the world. Employment ISLI MSC "Ces réseaux [...] proposent chaque année près de 800 postes de haute qualification" ISLI's 2013 graduate survey shows that 70% of Mastère Spécialisé graduates work in a multinational company while 31% work overseas.ISLI MS Employment Brochure (in French) 85% are hired during their apprenticeship (available only to Mastère Spécialisé and Titre Professionnel Niveau I students during their final year)."85 % des étudiants sont recrutés durant leur alternance" The survey also shows that 80% of MSc graduates join large companies while 100% work in an international position.ISLI MSc After Graduation Brochure Regardless of the program, 94% of graduates are hired before actually graduating from the Institute."94% des diplômés obtiennent un emploi avant la sortie""94% of students are recruited before actually graduating" Annual Supply Chain Forum Each year 300 professional speakers and participants from major corporations, who are at the forefront of their particular specialty and have been identified across the globe for their innovative approach to the Supply Chain and the ideas they have introduced into their firms, get together in Bordeaux during ISLI's Supply Chain Forum to discuss and exchange on the future of Supply Chain and share among themselves their experiences and vision.Supply Chain Forum: Planning the Future Together Publications The Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, is a peer-reviewed periodical providing a broad international coverage of subjects relating to the management of the Supply Chain. This academic publication presents research papers, case studies and other articles submitted by researchers and professionals, with the website associated with the publication serving as a center for discussion among supply chain specialists.Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal The journal is issued quarterly, and is available online or in print. The editorial and review board includes academics from institutions and corporations throughout the world. References External links * Official site * ISLI Alumni Association Universities and colleges in France Logistics in France "